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[3]。該材料自20世紀(jì)中期工業(yè)化應(yīng)用以來，逐漸衍生出粒料、分散液和漆料三種形態(tài)。其介電常數(shù)穩(wěn)定在2.1，體積電阻率超101?Ω·m，耐輻照性能優(yōu)于PTFE，能在103-10?Gy輻照劑量下保持穩(wěn)定。加工時需控制熔融溫度（300-380℃）并優(yōu)化冷卻工藝，以避免內(nèi)應(yīng)力導(dǎo)致開裂 [3]。F46廣泛應(yīng)用于高溫高頻電子線纜、航空導(dǎo)線、化工泵閥襯里及電磁流量計等耐腐蝕設(shè)備，適用于強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿及有機(jī)溶劑環(huán)境 [1-2]。作為氟塑料產(chǎn)量僅次于PTFE的品類，其通過組分調(diào)節(jié)平衡了機(jī)械強(qiáng)度、耐溫性與加工經(jīng)濟(jì)性。中文名F46外文名fluororesin-46別 名聚全氟乙丙烯熔 點(265±10)℃密 度2.12～2.17安全性描述一般類 別四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯的共聚物類 型改性材料范 疇化學(xué)目錄1簡介2結(jié)構(gòu)特點3性能?物理性能?電絕緣性能?熱性能?耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性?力學(xué)性能?其他性能4工藝要點5應(yīng)用簡介播報編輯F46樹脂既具有與聚四氟乙烯相似的特性，又具有熱塑性塑料的良好加工性能。因而它彌補(bǔ)了聚四氟乙烯加工困難的不足，使其成為代替聚四氟乙烯的材料，在電線電纜生產(chǎn)中廣泛應(yīng)用于高溫高頻下使用的電子設(shè)備傳輸電線、電子計算機(jī)內(nèi)部的連接線、航空宇宙用電線及其特種用途安裝線、油泵電纜和潛油電機(jī)繞組線的絕緣層。根據(jù)加工需要，F(xiàn)46可分為粒料、分散液和漆料三種。其中，粒料按其熔融指數(shù)的不同，可供模壓、擠出和注射成型用；分散液供浸漬燒結(jié)用；漆料供噴涂等用。結(jié)構(gòu)特點播報編輯F－46樹脂和聚四氟乙烯一樣，也是完全氟化的結(jié)構(gòu)，不同的是聚四氟乙烯主鏈的部分氟原子被三氟甲基（－CF3）所取代，結(jié)構(gòu)式如下：由此可見，F(xiàn)－46樹脂和聚四氟乙烯雖都由碳氟元素組成，碳鏈周圍完全被氟原子包圍著，但F－46其大分子的主鏈上有分支和側(cè)鏈。這種結(jié)構(gòu)上的差別對于材料在長期應(yīng)力下的溫度范圍上限來看，無很大影響，F(xiàn)－46的上限溫度為200℃，而聚四氟乙烯的最高使用溫度是260℃。但是，這種結(jié)構(gòu)上的差別，卻使F－46樹脂具有相當(dāng)確定的熔點，并可用一般的熱塑性加工方法成型加工，使加工工藝大為簡化。這是聚四氟乙烯所不具備的。這便是用六氟丙烯改性聚四氟乙烯的主要目的。性能播報編輯F－46中六氟丙烯的含量對共聚體的性能是有一定的影響。目前生產(chǎn)的F－46樹脂的六氟丙烯的含量，通常在14%－25%（質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)）左右。物理性能F－46樹脂的分子量測定，目前尚無可行的方法。但它在380℃時的熔融粘度要比聚四氟乙烯低，為103－104Pa．s?？梢奆－46的分子量比聚四氟乙烯低得多。F－46的熔點隨共聚體的組分不同而有一定的差異，共聚體中六氟丙烯的含量的增加時，熔點變低。按差熱分析法所測得的結(jié)果，國產(chǎn)F－46樹脂的熔點大多在250－270℃之間，比聚四氟乙烯低。F－46樹脂是一種結(jié)晶性高聚物，結(jié)晶度比聚四氟乙烯低一些，當(dāng)F－46熔體緩慢冷卻到晶體熔點以下溫度時，大分子重新結(jié)晶，結(jié)晶度在50%－60%之間；當(dāng)熔體以淬火方式迅速冷卻時，結(jié)晶度較小，在40%－50%之間。F－46的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，均為球晶結(jié)構(gòu)，并隨樹脂和加工成型溫度及熱處理方式的不同而有一定的差異。電絕緣性能F－46的電絕緣性能和聚四氟乙烯十分相近。它的介電系數(shù)從深冷到最高工作溫度，從50Hz到1010Hz超高頻的廣闊范圍內(nèi)幾乎不變，并且很低，僅2．1左右。介質(zhì)損耗角正切隨頻率的變化則有些變化，但隨溫度變化不大。F－46樹脂的體積電阻率很高，一般大于1015?．m，且隨溫度變化甚微，也不受水和潮氣的影響。耐電弧大于165s。F－46的擊穿場隨厚度的減少而提高，當(dāng)厚度大于1mm時，擊穿場強(qiáng)在30kV/mm以上，但不隨溫度的變化而變化。熱性能F－46樹脂的耐熱性能 僅次于聚四氟乙烯，能在－85－+200℃的溫度范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)使用。即使在－200℃和+260℃的極限情況下，其性能也不惡化，可以短時間使用。F－46樹脂的熱分解溫度高于熔點溫度，在400℃以上才發(fā)生顯著的熱分解，分解產(chǎn)物主要是四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯。由于F－46大分子通常帶有的等端基在熔點以上溫度時也會分解，因此300℃以上進(jìn)行加工時也必須注意適當(dāng)?shù)耐L(fēng)。F－46在熔點溫度以下是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的，但在200℃高溫下機(jī)械強(qiáng)度損失較大。圖2是F－46樹脂的熔融指數(shù)在恒溫下的瞬間變化情況，熔融指數(shù)表示F－46在372℃，5000g重力下，10min內(nèi)流過規(guī)定孔徑的克數(shù)，因此，可用熔融指數(shù)的增加來分析熔體粘度的減少及共聚物發(fā)生熱分解的情況。圖3是F－46與F－4絕緣電線相比較的壽命曲線。F－46在－250℃時仍不定期完硬脆，還保持有很小的伸長率和一定的曲撓性，比聚四氟乙烯甚至更好些，是其他所有各類塑料所不及的。耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性F－46的耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性與聚四氟乙烯相似，具有優(yōu)異的耐化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性。除與高溫下的氟元素、熔融的堿金屬和三氟化氯等發(fā)生反應(yīng)外，與其他化學(xué)藥品接觸時均不被腐蝕。力學(xué)性能F－46與聚四氟乙烯相比，硬度及抗拉強(qiáng)度略有提高，摩擦系數(shù)也比聚四氟乙烯略大。常溫下，F(xiàn)－46具有較好的耐蠕變性能；但當(dāng)溫度高于100℃時，耐蠕變性能反而不及聚四氟乙烯。其他性能F－46樹脂在大氣中抗氧化性能非常好，耐大氣穩(wěn)定性高。F－46的耐輻照性要比聚四氟乙烯好，略遜于聚乙烯。在空氣中和室溫下，F(xiàn)－46開始出現(xiàn)性能變化的最小吸收劑量為105－106rad?既103－104Gy，故可作耐輻照材料使用。工藝要點播報編輯F－46具有較好的加工工藝性能。可采用通常的擠出法包覆電線電纜的絕緣層。為了正確設(shè)計擠出機(jī)和模具，控制和掌握F－46樹脂的加工條件，首先應(yīng)了解F－46的流變性能。F－46在390℃溫度下剪切應(yīng)力與剪切速率的關(guān)系。其粘度μA隨剪切速率加而下降。 F－46的臨界剪切速率，如果剪切速率超過此數(shù)值，就會引起塑料流動的下均勻，結(jié)果使制品表面粗糙，無光澤和起層。F－46的臨界剪切速率值與聚乙烯，尼龍相比相差懸殊，因而熔融破裂問題尤為嚴(yán)重。F－46樹脂在加工中有兩個特征，即具有熔融破裂的傾向和熔融狀態(tài)時有特高的可拉伸性。為了在電線電纜生產(chǎn)中盡量消除或改善熔融破裂和提高生產(chǎn)率，通常采取以下措施：第一，采用擠管式模具，擴(kuò)大模子的開口，以減慢聚合物在?？诘牧魉?，使之在低于臨界剪切速率的適中擠出速度下擠出樹脂，并提高生產(chǎn)率；第二，在不致使樹脂分解的前提下，盡可能提高熔融樹脂的溫度，以降低樹脂粘度，從而提高其臨界剪切速率。（1） 擠出機(jī)螺桿的主要參數(shù)F－46的擠出機(jī)，一般采用單頭全螺紋、等距、突變壓縮型螺桿。為保證F－46樹脂的充分塑化，螺桿的均化區(qū)長度，通常占螺桿全長的25%左右；螺桿頂端呈圓錐形，以防止樹脂的停滯和分解。螺桿的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如下：長徑比L/D 20 螺距 1D加料區(qū)長度 15．5D 壓縮區(qū)長度 0．5D均化區(qū)長度難關(guān) 4D 螺紋寬帶 0．1D加料區(qū)螺紋槽深 ?h1 1/6D均化區(qū)螺紋槽深 ?h2 1/18D壓縮比 ?h1/h2 3?2 F－46絕緣電線擠出工藝要點（1）供料：F－46擠出前，先在120℃下預(yù)烘3h左右為宜。（2）導(dǎo)電線芯預(yù)熱：為保證擠出的F－46絕緣層內(nèi)外溫度均一，導(dǎo)電線芯應(yīng)預(yù)熱至300－350℃。（3）擠出機(jī)的溫度分布：擠出機(jī)一般以280℃（進(jìn)料口）至380℃（機(jī)頭）直線上升的溫度分布為好；機(jī)頭溫度波動范圍不大于±5℃，并應(yīng)在不致使樹脂分解的前提下，盡量提高機(jī)頭溫度，以降低樹脂的熔融粘度。擠出機(jī)機(jī)身（自進(jìn)料口至機(jī)頭）、機(jī)頭、模套的參考溫度如下：機(jī)身 第一段 280－310℃ 第二段 315－330℃第三段 340－360℃ 第四段 360－380℃機(jī)頭 380℃ 模套 380－410℃（4）模套的拉伸比：宜選擇在50－200范圍內(nèi)。（5）螺桿的轉(zhuǎn)速：協(xié)同溫度將螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)好后，在F－46樹脂擠出加工過程中不要變動頻繁，如有必要可稍加調(diào)整。螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速應(yīng)隨導(dǎo)電線芯截面的大小而有所不同，一般可取5－15r/min。（6）模具?？诒兀罕貐^(qū)應(yīng)布滿整個拉伸區(qū)，保溫溫度在350－380℃，以避免F－46的錐體至成型之前，由于表面驟冷而形成應(yīng)力，從而導(dǎo)致絕緣開裂。（7）絕緣電線冷卻：從擠出機(jī)擠出后的電線采用水冷。?？谂c水槽距離以較近為宜，建議不大于20cm。（8）設(shè)置濾網(wǎng)。為改善F－46樹脂的塑化和混合質(zhì)量，增加反壓力，擠出機(jī)螺桿端部應(yīng)加2－3層濾網(wǎng)為宜。（9）每批F－46材料應(yīng)力求以最佳情況擠出，保證塑化良好，錐體透亮，無氣泡，表面光滑，錐體與模套間無“眼屎”。每批料要做好工藝記錄，以便積累資料和工藝數(shù)據(jù)，有利于質(zhì)量分析。F－46絕緣電線在樹脂質(zhì)量不佳和擠出工藝不當(dāng)時，絕緣層會發(fā)生開裂現(xiàn)象，其主要原因是：（a）絕緣層有內(nèi)應(yīng)力。生產(chǎn)內(nèi)應(yīng)力的原因很多，例如加工過程中樹脂組成不均所引起的塑化不良和加工工藝不當(dāng)?shù)?。（b）絕緣中大球晶、片晶交界面聯(lián)系分子鏈少，或球晶過大、脆弱（c）不穩(wěn)定基團(tuán)產(chǎn)生的大分子的斷鏈（d）樹脂分子量過小或分布過寬，使材料承受強(qiáng)度降低。（e）六氟丙烯含量過低，組成分布不均勻。應(yīng)用播報編輯聚全氟乙丙烯樹脂具有與聚四氟乙烯相似的特性，又有熱塑塑料的良好加工工藝，因而使之成為代替聚四氟乙烯的重要材料。F－46在電線電纜生產(chǎn)中廣泛應(yīng)用于高溫高頻下使用的電子設(shè)備傳輸線，電子計算機(jī)內(nèi)部的連接線，航空宇宙用電線，及其他特種用途安裝線、油礦測井電纜、潛油電機(jī)繞組線、微電機(jī)引出線等等。新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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F46 F46被認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)氧化性特別是濃硝酸介質(zhì)用材中bai綜du合性能最好的材料，用于間接法（硝酸鎂zhi法）濃硝酸的裝置里的管道、閥門、冷凝器、泵類等使用效果非常好。 F46的應(yīng)用范圍： 礦物化學(xué)：濃硝酸的生產(chǎn) 有機(jī)化學(xué)：使用濃硝酸（硝化） 核工業(yè)：蒸發(fā)器在硝酸環(huán)境下工作，以濃縮聚變產(chǎn)物 冶金工業(yè)：坦克–用于亞硫酸氮混合物的設(shè)備 化學(xué)工業(yè)：亞硫酸鉻混合物，極富氧化性的溶液 F46鋼可在化工、化肥、礦山、冶金、國防、石化、醫(yī)藥、化纖、農(nóng)藥、染料、造紙、食品等行業(yè)廣泛使用。C4不銹鋼管主要用于耐濃硫酸濃硝酸尤其是耐濃度為98%以上的濃硫酸、濃硝酸項目! F46的熱處理： 鑄件升溫至1050℃，經(jīng)保溫后入水冷卻，進(jìn)行固溶處理，以獲得最佳耐腐蝕性能。焊接： 有良好的焊接性能，用奧0.12 硅焊條進(jìn)行手工電弧焊，鑄件焊后應(yīng)進(jìn)行固溶化處理。耐蝕性能： F46鋼是強(qiáng)氧化性用材，它在常溫下可耐硝酸的全濃度，在鉻酸中也有極好的耐蝕性，在其他的腐蝕介質(zhì)中也優(yōu)于18-8型不銹鋼。 PRODUCT PARAMETERS 產(chǎn)品參數(shù) 化學(xué)成分 成分 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo N 最小值 - 3.7 - - - 16.5 14 - - 最大值 0.015 4.5 2 0.025 0.01 18.5 16 0.2 0.11 物理性能 抗拉強(qiáng)度： 530-730 N/mm² 屈服強(qiáng)度0.2％： 210 ≥N /mm² 伸長： 40/30 ≥％ 布氏硬度： 230 ≤HB
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