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40CrNi2Mo合金圓鋼-合金結構鋼
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.block-item .block-title{color:#333;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-title svg{color:#aaa;margin-right:10px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content{padding:5px 0 0 30px;width:210px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content>a{color:#666;cursor:pointer;float:left;margin-bottom:5px;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:90px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content>a:hover{color:#338de6;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content .block-content-new-icon{height:7px;left:52px;position:absolute;top:3px}網(wǎng)頁新聞貼吧知道網(wǎng)盤圖片視頻地圖文庫資訊采購百科百度首頁登錄注冊進入詞條全站搜索幫助首頁秒懂百科特色百科知識專題加入百科百科團隊權威合作個人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10合金結構鋼播報討論上傳視頻熱處理性能優(yōu)良的鋼材展開3個同名詞條同義詞40CrNi2Mo（在優(yōu)質碳素結構鋼的基礎上，適當?shù)丶尤胍环N或數(shù)種合金元素而制成的鋼種）一般指合金結構鋼（熱處理性能優(yōu)良的鋼材）本詞條由“科普中國”科學百科詞條編寫與應用工作項目 審核 。合金結構鋼（structural alloy steel）是指用作機械零件和各種工程構件并含有一種或數(shù)種一定量的合金元素的鋼。中文名合金結構鋼外文名Alloy structure steels學 科材料工程領 域工程技術目錄1簡介2合金元素作用3分類4生產(chǎn)工藝5中國標準6相關概念?結構鋼?合金鋼7其他信息簡介播報編輯合金結構鋼由于具有合適的淬透性，經(jīng)適宜的金屬熱處理后，顯微組織為均勻的索氏體、貝氏體或極細的珠光體，因而具有較高的抗拉強度和屈強比（一般在0.85左右），較高的韌性和疲勞強度，和較低的韌性－脆性轉變溫度，可用于制造截面尺寸較大的機器零件 [1]。合金元素作用播報編輯有三個方面：①增大鋼的淬透性。淬透性是指鋼淬火時，從表層起淬成馬氏體層的深度，是取得良好綜合性能的主要參數(shù)。除Co外，幾乎所有合金元素如 Mn、Mo、Cr、Ni、Si和C、N、B等都能提高鋼的淬透性，其中 Mn、Mo、Cr、B的作用最強，其次是Ni、Si、Cu。而強碳化物形成元素如 V、Ti、Nb等，只有溶于奧氏體中時才能增大鋼的淬透性。②影響鋼的回火過程。由于合金元素在回火時能阻礙鋼中各種原子的擴散，因而在同樣溫度下和碳素鋼相比，一般均起到延遲馬氏體的分解和碳化物的聚集長大作用，從而提高鋼的回火穩(wěn)定性,即提高鋼的抗回火軟化能力,V、W、Ti、Cr、Mo、Si的作用比較顯著，Al、Mn、Ni的作用不明顯。含有較高含量的碳化物形成元素如V、W、Mo等的鋼，在500～600℃回火時，析出細小彌散的特殊碳化物質點如V4C3、Mo2C、W2C等，代替部分較粗大的合金滲碳體，使鋼的強度不再下降反而升高,即出現(xiàn)二次硬化。Mo對鋼的回火脆性有阻止或減弱的作用。③影響鋼的強化和韌化。Ni以固溶強化方式強化鐵素體；Mo、V、Nb等碳化物形成元素,既以彌散硬化方式又以固溶強化方式提高鋼的屈服強度；碳的強化作用最顯著。此外，加入這些合金元素，一般都細化奧氏體晶粒，增加晶界的強化作用。影響鋼的韌性因素比較復雜，Ni改善鋼的韌性；Mn易使奧氏體晶粒粗化，對回火脆性敏感；降低P、S含量，提高鋼的純凈度，對改善鋼的韌性有重要作用 [2]。分類播報編輯合金結構鋼一般分為調質結構鋼和表面硬化結構鋼。①調質結構鋼 這類鋼的含碳量一般約為0.25%～0.55%，對于既定截面尺寸的結構件，在調質處理（淬火加回火）時，如果沿截面淬透，則力學性能良好，如果淬不透，顯微組織中出現(xiàn)有自由鐵素體，則韌性下降。對具有回火脆性傾向的鋼如錳鋼、鉻鋼、鎳鉻鋼等，回火后應快冷。這類鋼的淬火臨界直徑，隨晶粒度和合金元素含量的增加而增大，例如，40Cr和35SiMn鋼約為30～40mm，而40CrNiMo和30CrNi2MoV鋼則約為 60～100mm，常用于制造承受較大載荷的軸、連桿等結構件。②表面硬化結構鋼 用以制造表層堅硬耐磨而心部柔韌的零部件,如齒輪、軸等。為使零件心部韌性高,鋼中含碳量應低，一般在0.12～0.25%，同時還有適量的合金元素，以保證適宜的淬透性。氮化鋼還需加入易形成氮化物的合金元素（如Al、Cr、Mo等）。滲碳或碳氮共滲鋼，經(jīng)850～950℃滲碳或碳氮共滲后，淬火并在低溫回火(約200℃)狀態(tài)下使用。氮化鋼經(jīng)氮化處理(480～580℃)，直接使用，不再經(jīng)淬火與回火處理。生產(chǎn)工藝播報編輯根據(jù)鋼種和鋼的質量要求，合金結構鋼的冶煉，可采用氧氣頂吹轉爐、平爐、電弧爐；或再加電渣重熔、真空除氣。鑄錠可采用連鑄或模鑄。鋼錠應緩慢冷卻或熱送鍛造、軋制。鋼錠加熱時，應力求溫度均勻并有足夠的保溫時間，以改善偏析缺陷和避免鍛、軋時變形不均勻；鍛、軋后的鋼材，尺寸小的、特別是含碳0.2%左右的滲碳鋼，在600℃以上時應快速冷卻,以免加重帶狀組織；截面較大的鍛件，應采取措施消除內(nèi)應力和白點。調質鋼應盡可能淬火成馬氏體組織，然后回火成索氏體組織；滲碳鋼在滲碳過程中，滲層濃度梯度不宜過大,以免在滲層晶界上出現(xiàn)連續(xù)網(wǎng)狀碳化物;氮化鋼必需先經(jīng)熱處理得到所需的性能，再經(jīng)最后精加工才能進行氮化。氮化處理后除將脆薄的“白層”研磨除去外，不再加工 [1]。中國標準播報編輯標準號 StandardNo：GB/T 3077-1999首次發(fā)布日期FirstIssuance Date ：1982-05-10標準狀態(tài)StandardState ：現(xiàn)行復審確認日期ReviewAffirmance Date :2010-07-28計劃編號Plan No：代替國標號ReplacedStandard ：GB/T 3077-1988被代替國標號ReplacedStandard:廢止時間RevocatoryDate :采用國際標準號AdoptedInternational Standard No：采標名稱AdoptedInternational Standard Name：DIN EN 10083-1:1991采用程度ApplicationDegree ： NEQ采用國際標準AdoptedInternational Standard ：其他國際標準分類號(ICS) ：75.140.20中國標準分類號(CCS) ：H40標準類別StandardSort：基礎標準頁碼Number ofPages:標準價格(元)Price(￥) :主管部門Governor ：中國鋼鐵工業(yè)協(xié)會歸口單位TechnicalCommittees ：全國鋼標準化技術委員會起草單位DraftingCommittee：大冶特殊鋼股份有限公司相關概念播報編輯結構鋼結構鋼是指符合特定強度和可成形性等級的鋼。可成形性以抗拉試驗中斷后伸長率表示。結構鋼一般用于承載等用途，在這些用途中鋼的強度是一個重要設計標準。結構鋼可以細分為：合金結構鋼、碳素結構鋼、低合金結構鋼、耐熱結構鋼等等。合金鋼合金鋼 alloy steel 鋼里除鐵、碳外，加入其他的合金元素，就叫合金鋼。 在普通碳素鋼基礎上添加適量的一種或多種合金元素而構成的鐵碳合金。根據(jù)添加元素的不同，并采取適當?shù)募庸すに?，可獲得高強度、高韌性、耐磨、耐腐蝕、耐低溫、耐高溫、無磁性等特殊性能 [3]。其他信息播報編輯可分為普通合金結構鋼和特殊用途合金結構鋼。前者包括低合金高強度鋼、低溫用鋼、超高強度鋼、滲碳鋼、調質鋼和非調質鋼；后者包括彈簧鋼、滾珠軸承鋼、易切削鋼、冷沖壓鋼等。要求具有較高的屈服強度、抗拉強度和疲勞強度，還有足夠的塑性和韌性。一般采用電弧爐和氧氣頂吹轉爐冶煉，要求高的采用爐外精煉、電渣重熔或真空處理、真空感應爐冶煉或雙真空冶煉、合適的熱處理。這類鋼的合金元素含量都相當高，主要有耐蝕鋼、耐熱鋼、耐磨鋼、磁鋼以及具有其他特殊物理和化學性能的特殊鋼。合金結構鋼廣泛用于船舶、車輛、飛機、導彈、兵器、鐵路、橋梁、壓力容器、機床等結構上。合金結構鋼比碳素鋼有更好的力學性能，特別是熱處理性能優(yōu)良。其牌號通常是以“數(shù)字+元素符號+數(shù)字”的方法來表示。牌號中起首的兩位數(shù)字表示鋼的平均含碳量的萬分數(shù)，元素符號及其后的數(shù)字表示所含合金元素及其平均含量的百分數(shù)。若合金元素含量小于1.5%，則不標其含量。高級優(yōu)質鋼在牌號尾部增加符號“A”例如，16Mn、20Cr、40Mn2、30CrMnSi、38CrMoAlA等 [2]。合金結構鋼細分類與統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號：統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號合金結構鋼(包括合金彈簧鋼)細分類AO××××Mn(X)、MnMo(X)系鋼Al××××SiMn(X)、SiMnMo(X)系鋼A2××××Cr(X)、CrSi(X)、CrMn(X)、CrV(x)、CrMnSi(X)系鋼A3××××CrMo(X)、CrMoV(X)系鋼A4××××CrNi(X)系鋼A5××××CrNiMo(X)、CrNiW(X)系鋼A6××××Ni(X)、NiMo(X)、NiCoMo(X)、Mo(X)、MoWV(X)系鋼A7××××B(X)、MnB(X)、SiMnB(X)系鋼A8××××(暫空)A9××××其他合金結構鋼新手上路成長任務編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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：≤269HB試樣尺寸：試樣毛坯尺寸為25mm熱處理規(guī)范及金相組織熱處理規(guī)范：淬火850℃,油冷;回火600℃,水冷、油冷。交貨狀態(tài)以熱處理（正火、退火或高溫回火）或不熱處理狀態(tài)交貨，交貨狀態(tài)應在合同中注明。鋼號表示方法概述鋼的牌號簡稱鋼號，是對每一種具體鋼產(chǎn)品所取的名稱，是人們了解鋼的一種共同語言。我國的鋼號表示方法，根據(jù)國家標準《鋼鐵產(chǎn)品牌號表示方法》（GB221-79）中規(guī)定，采用漢語拼音字母、化學元素符號和阿拉伯數(shù)字相結合的方法表示。即：①鋼號中化學元素采用國際化學符號表示，例如Si,Mn,Cr……等?；旌舷⊥猎赜肦E（或Xt）表示。②產(chǎn)品名稱、用途、冶煉和澆注方法等，一般采用漢語拼音的縮寫字母表示。③鋼中主要化學元素含量（%）采用阿拉伯數(shù)字表示。
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