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別熱作模具鋼執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T1299—2000統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號(hào)A2050目錄1產(chǎn)品介紹2化學(xué)成分?性能?熱處理工藝3化學(xué)成分分析產(chǎn)品介紹播報(bào)編輯4Cr5MoSiV1合金工具鋼簡(jiǎn)稱合工鋼，是在碳工鋼的基礎(chǔ)上加入合金元素而形成的鋼種。其中合工鋼包括：量具刃具用鋼、耐沖擊工具用鋼、冷作模具鋼、熱作模具鋼、無(wú)磁模具鋼、塑料模具鋼。4Cr5MoSiV1是熱作模具鋼。執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T1299—2000。統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號(hào)A20502；模具鋼材牌號(hào)4Cr5MoSiV1；化學(xué)成分播報(bào)編輯4Cr5MoSiV1化學(xué)成分%：碳 C ：0.32～0.45硅 Si：0.80～1.20錳 Mn：0.20～0.50硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030鉻 Cr：4.75～5.50鎳 Ni：允許殘余含量≤0.25銅 Cu：允許殘余含量≤0.30釩 V ：0.80～1.20鉬 Mo：1.10～1.75性能●物理性能：其密度為7.8t/m3；彈性模量E為210000MPa。4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的臨界溫度臨界點(diǎn) 溫度（近似值）/℃Ac1 860Ac3 915Ar1 775Ar3 815Ms 340Mf 2154Cr5MoSiV1鋼的線（膨）脹系數(shù)溫度/℃ 線（膨）脹系數(shù)/℃-120～100 9.1×10-620～200 10.3×10-620～300 11.5×10-620～400 12.2×10-620～500 12.8×10-620～600 13.2×10-620～700 13.5×10-64Cr5MoSiV1鋼的熱導(dǎo)率溫度/℃ 熱導(dǎo)率λ/W·(m·K)-125 32.2650 28.8●力學(xué)性能：4Cr5MoSiV1模具鋼硬度：退火≤235HB，壓痕直徑≥3.95mm熱處理工藝熱處理：（交貨狀態(tài)：布氏硬度HBW10/3000（小于等于235）），淬火：790度+-15度預(yù)熱，1000度（鹽浴）或1010度（爐控氣氛）+-6度加熱，保溫5~15min空冷，550度+-6度回火；退火、熱加工；交貨狀態(tài)：鋼材以退火狀態(tài)交貨。化學(xué)成分分析播報(bào)編輯4Cr5MoSiV1鋼是C-Cr-Mo-Si-V型鋼，在世界上的應(yīng)用極其普遍，同時(shí)各國(guó)許多學(xué)者對(duì)它進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,并在探究化學(xué)成分的改進(jìn)。鋼的應(yīng)用廣泛和具有優(yōu)良的特性，主要由鋼的化學(xué)成分決定的。當(dāng)然鋼中雜質(zhì)元素必須降低，有資料表明,當(dāng)Rm在1550MPa時(shí),材料含硫量由0.005%降到0.003%,會(huì)使沖擊韌度提高約13J。NADCA 207-2003標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就規(guī)定:優(yōu)級(jí)(premium)H13鋼含硫量小于0.005%,而超級(jí)(superior)的應(yīng)小于0.003%S和0.015%P。下面對(duì)4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的成分加以分析。 碳：美國(guó)AISI H13，UNS T20813，ASTM（最新版）的H13和FED QQ-T-570的4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的含碳量都規(guī)定為（0.32~0.45）%，是所有4Cr5MoSiV1鋼中含碳量范圍最寬的。德國(guó)X40CrMoV5-1和1.2344的含碳量為（0.37~0.43）%，含碳量范圍較窄，德國(guó)DIN17350中還有X38CrMoV5-1的含碳量為（0.36~0.42）%。日本SKD 61的含碳量為（0.32~0.42）%。我國(guó)GB/T 1299和YB/T 094中4Cr5MoSiV1和SM 4Cr5MoSiV1的含碳量為（0.32~0.42）%和（0.32~0.45）%，分別與SKD61和AISI H13相同。特別要指出的是：北美壓鑄協(xié)會(huì)NADCA 207-90、207-97和207-2003標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)H13鋼的含碳量都規(guī)定為（0.37~0.42）%。鋼中含碳量決定淬火鋼的基體硬度，按鋼中含碳量與淬火鋼硬度的關(guān)系曲線可以知道,H13鋼的淬火硬度在55HRC左右。對(duì)工具鋼而言，鋼中的碳一部分進(jìn)入鋼的基體中引起固溶強(qiáng)化。另外一部分碳將和合金元素中的碳化物形成元素結(jié)合成合金碳化物。對(duì)熱作模具鋼,這種合金碳化物除少量殘留的以外，還要求它在回火過(guò)程中在淬火馬氏體基體上彌散析出產(chǎn)生兩次硬化現(xiàn)象。從而由均勻分布的殘留合金碳化合物和回火馬氏體的組織來(lái)決定熱作模具鋼的性能。由此可見(jiàn)，鋼中的含C量不能太低。含5%Cr的4Cr5MoSiV1鋼應(yīng)具有高的韌度，故其含C量應(yīng)保持在形成少量合金C化物的水平上。Woodyatt 和Krauss指出在870℃的Fe-Cr-C三元相圖上,H13鋼的位置在奧氏體A和（A+M3C+M7C3）三相區(qū)的交界位置處較好。相應(yīng)的含C量約0.4%。圖上還標(biāo)出增加C或Cr量使M7C3量增多,具有更高耐磨性能的A2和D2鋼以作比較。另外重要的是,保持相對(duì)較低的含C量是使鋼的Ms點(diǎn)取于相對(duì)較高的溫度水平(H13鋼的Ms一般資料介紹為340℃左右)，使該鋼在淬冷至室溫時(shí)獲得以馬氏體為主加少量殘余A和殘留均勻分布的合金C化物組織，并經(jīng)回火后獲得均勻的回火馬氏體組織。避免使過(guò)多殘余奧氏體在工作溫度下發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變影響工件的工作性能或變形。這些少量殘余奧氏體在淬火以后的兩次或三次回火過(guò)程中應(yīng)予以轉(zhuǎn)變完全。這兒順便指出，H13鋼淬火后得到的馬氏體組織為板條M+少量片狀M+少量殘余A。經(jīng)回火后在板條狀M上析出的很細(xì)的合金碳化物，國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者也作了一定工作。眾所周知，鋼中增加碳含量將提高鋼的強(qiáng)度，對(duì)熱作模具鋼而言，會(huì)使高溫強(qiáng)度、熱態(tài)硬度和耐磨損性提高，但會(huì)導(dǎo)致其韌度的降低。學(xué)者在工具鋼產(chǎn)品手冊(cè)文獻(xiàn)中將各類H型鋼的性能比較很明顯證明了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。通常認(rèn)為導(dǎo)致鋼塑性和韌度降低的含碳量界限為0.4%。為此要求人們?cè)阡摵辖鸹O(shè)計(jì)時(shí)遵循下述原則:在保持強(qiáng)度前提下要盡可能降低鋼的含碳量,有資料已提出:在鋼抗拉強(qiáng)度達(dá)1550MPa以上時(shí),含C量在0.3%-0.4%為宜。H13鋼的強(qiáng)度Rm，有文獻(xiàn)介紹為1503.1MPa(46HRC時(shí))和1937.5MPa(51HRC時(shí))。查閱FORD和GM公司資料推薦的TQ-1、Dievar和ADC3等鋼中的含C量都為0.39%和0.38%等，相應(yīng)的韌度指標(biāo)等列于表1，其理由可由此管窺所及。對(duì)要求更高強(qiáng)度的熱作模具鋼，采用的方法是在H13鋼成分的基礎(chǔ)上提高M(jìn)o含量或提高含碳量，這將在后面還會(huì)論及，當(dāng)然韌度和塑性的略為降低是可以預(yù)料的。2.2 鉻： 鉻是合金工具鋼中最普遍含有的和價(jià)廉的合金元素。在美國(guó)H型熱作模具鋼中含Cr量在2%~12%范圍。在我國(guó)合金工具鋼（GB/T1299）的37個(gè)鋼號(hào)中,除8CrSi和9Mn2V外都含有Cr。鉻對(duì)鋼的耐磨損性、高溫強(qiáng)度、熱態(tài)硬度、韌度和淬透性都有有利的影響，同時(shí)它溶入基體中會(huì)顯著改善鋼的耐蝕性能，在H13鋼中含Cr和Si會(huì)使氧化膜致密來(lái)提高鋼的抗氧化性。再則以Cr對(duì)0.3C-1Mn鋼回火性能的作用來(lái)分析，加入﹤6% Cr對(duì)提高鋼回火抗力是有利的，但未能構(gòu)成二次硬化；當(dāng)含Cr﹥6%的鋼淬火后在550℃回火會(huì)出現(xiàn)二次硬化效應(yīng)。人們對(duì)熱作鋼模具鋼一般選5%鉻的加入量。工具鋼中的鉻一部分溶入鋼中起固溶強(qiáng)化作用，另一部分與碳結(jié)合,按含鉻量高低以(FeCr)3C、(FeCr)7C3和M23C6形式存在，從而來(lái)影響鋼的性能。另外還要考慮合金元素的交互作用影響，如當(dāng)鋼中含鉻、鉬和釩時(shí)，Cr＞ 3%<sup>[14]</sup>時(shí)，Cr能阻止V4C3的生成和推遲Mo2C的共格析出，V4C3和Mo2C是提高鋼材的高溫強(qiáng)度和抗回火性的強(qiáng)化相<sup>[14]</sup>，這種交互作用提高該鋼耐熱變形性能。鉻溶入鋼奧氏體中增加鋼的淬透性。Cr﹑Mn﹑Mo﹑Si﹑Ni都與Cr一樣是增加鋼淬透性的合金元素。人們習(xí)慣用淬透性因子加以表征,一般國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有資料[15]還只應(yīng)用Grossmann等的資料,后來(lái)Moser和Legat[16,22]的更進(jìn)一步工作提出由含C量和奧氏體晶粒度決定基本淬透性直徑Dic和合金元素含量確定的淬透性因子(示于圖3中)來(lái)計(jì)算合金鋼的理想臨界直徑Di,也可從下式作近似計(jì)算:Di=Dic×2.21Mn×1.40Si×2.13Cr×3.275Mo×1.47Ni (1)(1)式中各合金元素以質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù)表示。由該式，人們對(duì)Cr﹑Mn﹑Mo﹑Si和Ni元素影響鋼淬透性有相當(dāng)明確的半定量了解。Cr對(duì)鋼共析點(diǎn)的影響，它和Mn大致相似，在約5%的含鉻量時(shí)，共析點(diǎn)的含C量降到0.5%左右。另外Si﹑W﹑Mo﹑V﹑Ti的加入更顯著降低共析點(diǎn)含C量。為此可以知道：熱作模具鋼和高速鋼一樣屬于過(guò)共析鋼。共析含C量的降低，將增加奧氏體化后組織中和最后組織中的合金碳化物含量。鋼中合金C化物的行為與其自身的穩(wěn)定性有關(guān)，實(shí)際上，合金C化物的結(jié)構(gòu)、穩(wěn)定性與相應(yīng)C化物形成元素的d電子殼層和S電子殼層的電子欠缺程度相關(guān)[17]。隨著電子欠缺程度下降，金屬原子半徑隨之減小，碳和金屬元素的原子半徑比rc/rm增加，合金C化物由間隙相向間隙化合物變化，C化物的穩(wěn)定性減弱，其相應(yīng)熔化溫度和在A中溶解溫度降低，其生成自由能的絕對(duì)值減小，相應(yīng)的硬度值下降。具有面心立方點(diǎn)陣的VC碳化物，穩(wěn)定性高，約在900~950℃溫度開始溶解，在1100℃以上開始大量溶解（溶解終結(jié)溫度為1413℃）[17]；它在500~700℃回火過(guò)程中析出，不易聚集長(zhǎng)大，能作為鋼中強(qiáng)化相。中等碳化物形成元素W 、Mo形成的M2C和MC 碳化物具有密排和簡(jiǎn)單六方點(diǎn)陣，它們的穩(wěn)定性較差些，亦具較高的硬度、熔點(diǎn)和溶解溫度，仍可作為在500~650℃范圍使用鋼的強(qiáng)化相。M23C6(如Cr23C6等)具有復(fù)雜立方點(diǎn)陣，穩(wěn)定性更差，結(jié)合強(qiáng)度較弱，熔點(diǎn)和溶解溫度較低（在1090℃溶入A中），只有在少數(shù)耐熱鋼中經(jīng)綜合合金化后才有較高穩(wěn)定性（如（CrFeMoW）23C6）,可作為強(qiáng)化相。具有復(fù)雜六方結(jié)構(gòu)的M7C3(如Cr7C3、 Fe4Cr3C3或Fe2Cr5C3)的穩(wěn)定性更差，它和Fe3C類碳化物一樣很易溶解和析出，具有較大的聚集長(zhǎng)大速度，一般不能作為高溫強(qiáng)化相[17]。我們?nèi)詮腇e-Cr-C三元相圖可以簡(jiǎn)便了解H13鋼中的合金碳化物相。按Fe-Cr-C系700℃[18~20]和870℃[9]三元等溫截面的相圖,對(duì)含0.4%C鋼中,隨Cr量增加會(huì)出現(xiàn)（FeCr）3C（M3C）和（CrFe）7C3(M7C3)型合金碳化物。注意在870℃圖上,只有含Cr量大于11%才會(huì)出現(xiàn)（M23C6）。另外根據(jù)Fe-Cr-C三元系在5%Cr時(shí)的垂直截面,對(duì)含0.40%C的鋼在退火狀態(tài)下為α相（約固溶1%Cr）和（CrFe）7C3合金C化物。當(dāng)加熱至791℃以上形成奧氏體A和進(jìn)入（α+A+M7C3）三相區(qū),在795℃左右進(jìn)入（A+M7C3）兩相區(qū),約在970℃時(shí),（CrFe）7C3消失,進(jìn)入單相A區(qū)。當(dāng)基體含C量﹤0.33%時(shí),在793℃左右才存在（M7C3+M23C6和A）的三相區(qū),在796℃進(jìn)入（A+M7C3）區(qū)（0.30%C時(shí)），以后一直保持到液相。鋼中殘留的M7C3有阻止A晶粒長(zhǎng)大的作用。Nilson提出，對(duì)1.5%C-13%Cr的成分合金，欠穩(wěn)定（CrFe）23C6不形成[20]。當(dāng)然,單以Fe-Cr-C三元系分析會(huì)有一些偏差,要考慮加入合金元素的影響。4Cr5MoSiV1回火溫度/℃室溫540-σ-1/ΜPa730510σ-1k670370-表 3-1-1 4Cr5MoSiV1鋼推薦的回火規(guī)范回火目的回火溫度/℃加熱設(shè)備冷卻回火硬度（HRC）清除應(yīng)力和降低硬度560～580熔融鹽浴或空氣爐空氣47～49①通常用兩次回火、第二次回火溫度應(yīng)比第一次低20℃。表3-1-2 4Cr5MoSiV1鋼推薦的表面處理規(guī)范工藝溫度/℃時(shí)間/h介質(zhì)擴(kuò)散層-深度/mm顯微硬度（HV）----氰化氰化氮化560580530～5502812～2050%KCN+50%NCN天然氣+氨氨，α=30%～60%0.040.25～0.300.15～0.20690～640860～635760～550新手上路成長(zhǎng)任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問(wèn)內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見(jiàn)反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過(guò)詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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4cr5mosiv1 特性及用途：系引進(jìn)美國(guó)的H13空淬硬化熱作模具鋼。其性能、用途和4Cr5MoSiV鋼基本相同，但因其釩含量高一些，故中溫（600度）性能比4Cr5MoSiV鋼要好，是熱作模具鋼中用途很廣泛的一種代表性鋼號(hào)。4Cr5MoSiV1合金工具鋼簡(jiǎn)稱合工鋼，是在碳工鋼的基礎(chǔ)上加入合金元素而形成的鋼種。其中合工鋼包括：量具刃具用鋼、耐沖擊工具用鋼、冷作模具鋼、熱作模具鋼、無(wú)磁模具鋼、塑料模具鋼。4Cr5MoSiV1是熱作模具鋼,，執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T1299—2000。統(tǒng)一數(shù)字代號(hào)A20502；牌號(hào)4Cr5MoSiV1；4Cr5MoSiV1化學(xué)成分%：碳 C ：0.32～0.45硅 Si：0.80～1.20錳 Mn：0.20～0.50硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030鉻 Cr：4.75～5.50鎳 Ni：允許殘余含量≤0.25銅 Cu：允許殘余含量≤0.30釩 V ：0.80～1.20鉬 Mo：1.10～1.75性能●物理性能：其密度為7.8t/m3；彈性模量E為210000MPa。4Cr5MoSiV1鋼的臨界溫度臨界點(diǎn) 溫度（近似值）/℃Ac1 860Ac3 915Ar1 775Ar3 815Ms 340Mf 2154Cr5MoSiV1鋼的線（膨）脹系數(shù)溫度/℃ 線（膨）脹系數(shù)/℃-120～100 9.1×10-620～200 10.3×10-620～300 11.5×10-620～400 12.2×10-620～500 12.8×10-620～600 13.2×10-620～700 13.5×10-64Cr5MoSiV1鋼的熱導(dǎo)率溫度/℃ 熱導(dǎo)率λ/W·(m·K)-125 32.2650 28.8●力學(xué)性能：硬度：退火≤235HB，壓痕直徑≥3.95mm熱處理工藝熱處理：（交貨狀態(tài)：布氏硬度HBW10/3000（小于等于235）），淬火：790度+-15度預(yù)熱，1000度（鹽?。┗?010度（爐控氣氛）+-6度加熱，保溫5~15min空冷，550度+-6度回火；退火、熱加工；交貨狀態(tài)：鋼材以退火狀態(tài)交貨。
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