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GH605鈦及鎳基合金-高溫合金｜GH
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.block-content-new-icon{height:7px;left:52px;position:absolute;top:3px}網(wǎng)頁(yè)新聞貼吧知道網(wǎng)盤圖片視頻地圖文庫(kù)資訊采購(gòu)百科百度首頁(yè)登錄注冊(cè)進(jìn)入詞條全站搜索幫助首頁(yè)秒懂百科特色百科知識(shí)專題加入百科百科團(tuán)隊(duì)權(quán)威合作個(gè)人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10播報(bào)討論上傳視頻奧氏體高溫合金同義詞GH605（GH605）一般指是含鈷量40～65%的奧氏體高溫合金。在730～1100條件下具有一定的高溫強(qiáng)度、良好的抗熱腐蝕和抗氧化能力。適于制作航空噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、工業(yè)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、艦船燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的導(dǎo)向葉片和噴嘴導(dǎo)葉以及柴油機(jī)噴嘴等。中文名典型牌號(hào)Hayness188特 性抗熱腐蝕和抗氧化作 用航空噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、工業(yè)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)目錄1簡(jiǎn)介2型號(hào)3發(fā)展過程4碳化物強(qiáng)化相5性能6生產(chǎn)工藝7磨損簡(jiǎn)介播報(bào)編輯是高溫合金中的一種，它是以鈷作為主要成分，含有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的鎳、鉻、鎢和少量的鉬、鈮、鉭、鈦、鑭等合金元素，偶而也還含有鐵的一類合金。根據(jù)合金中成分不同，它們可以制成焊絲，粉末用于硬面堆焊，熱噴涂、噴焊等工藝，也可以制成鑄鍛件和粉末冶金件。型號(hào)播報(bào)編輯的典型牌號(hào)有：Hayness188，Haynes25(L-605),Alloy S-816,UMCo-50，MP-159，F(xiàn)SX-414，X-40，Stellite6B等，中國(guó)相應(yīng)牌號(hào)有：GH5188(GH188)，GH159，GH605，K640，DZ40M等。我國(guó)對(duì)研究比較深入（國(guó)內(nèi)典型的研究與推廣單位有鋼鐵研究總院與北京融品科技有限公司等）。與其它高溫合金不同，不是由與基體牢固結(jié)合的有序沉淀相來(lái)強(qiáng)化，而是由已被固溶強(qiáng)化的奧氏體fcc基體和基體中分布少量碳化物組成。鑄造卻是在很大程度上依靠碳化物強(qiáng)化。純鈷晶體在417℃以下是密排六方（hcp）晶體結(jié)構(gòu)，在更高溫度下轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閒cc。為了避免在使用時(shí)發(fā)生這種轉(zhuǎn)變，實(shí)際上所有由鎳合金化，以便在室溫到熔點(diǎn)溫度范圍內(nèi)使組織穩(wěn)定化。具有平坦的斷裂應(yīng)力-溫度關(guān)系，但在1000℃以上卻顯示出比其他高溫下具有優(yōu)異的抗熱腐蝕性能，這可能是因?yàn)樵摵辖鸷t量較高，這是這類合金的一個(gè)特征。發(fā)展過程播報(bào)編輯20世紀(jì)30年代末期，由于活塞式航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)用渦輪增壓器的需要，開始研制。1942年﹐美國(guó)首先用牙科金屬材料Vitallium (Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.5Ti)制作渦輪增壓器葉片取得成功。在使用過程中這種合金不斷析出碳化物相而變脆。因此﹐把合金的含碳量降至0.3%，同時(shí)添加2.6%的鎳，以提高碳化物形成元素在基體中的溶解度，這樣就發(fā)展成為HA-21合金。40年代末，X-40和HA-21制作航空噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和渦輪增壓器鑄造渦輪葉片和導(dǎo)向葉片，其工作溫度可達(dá)850-870℃。1953年出現(xiàn)的用作鍛造渦輪葉片的S-816，是用多種難熔元素固溶強(qiáng)化的合金。從50年代后期到60年代末，美國(guó)曾廣泛使用過4種鑄造鈷基合金：WI-52，X-45，Mar-M509和FSX-414。變形鈷基合金多為板材，如L-605用于制作燃燒室和導(dǎo)管。1966年出現(xiàn)的HA-188，因其中含鑭而改善了抗氧化性能。蘇聯(lián)用于制作導(dǎo)向葉片的鈷基合金∏K4﹐相當(dāng)于HA-21。鈷基合金的發(fā)展應(yīng)考慮鈷的資源情況。鈷是一種重要戰(zhàn)略資源，世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家缺鈷，以致鈷基合金的發(fā)展受到限制。一般缺少共格的強(qiáng)化相，雖然中溫強(qiáng)度低(只有鎳基合金的50-75%)，但在高于980℃時(shí)具有較高的強(qiáng)度、良好的抗熱疲勞、抗熱腐蝕和耐磨蝕性能，且有較好的焊接性。適于制作航空噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、工業(yè)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、艦船燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的導(dǎo)向葉片和噴嘴導(dǎo)葉以及柴油機(jī)噴嘴等。碳化物強(qiáng)化相播報(bào)編輯中最主要的碳化物是 MC﹑M23C6和M6C在鑄造鈷基合金中，M23C6是緩慢冷卻時(shí)在晶界和枝晶間析出的。在有些合金中，細(xì)小的M23C6能與基體γ形成共晶體。MC碳化物顆粒過大，不能對(duì)位錯(cuò)直接產(chǎn)生顯著的影響，因而對(duì)合金的強(qiáng)化效果不明顯，而細(xì)小彌散的碳化物則有良好的強(qiáng)化作用。位于晶界上的碳化物(主要是M23C6)能阻止晶界滑移，從而改善持久強(qiáng)度，HA-31(X-40)的顯微組織為彌散的強(qiáng)化相為 (CoCrW)6 C型碳化物。在某些中會(huì)出現(xiàn)的拓?fù)涿芘畔嗳缥鞲瘳斚嗪蚅aves等是有害的，會(huì)使合金變脆。鈷基合金較少使用金屬間化合物進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化，因?yàn)镃o3 (Ti﹐Al)﹑Co3Ta等在高溫下不夠穩(wěn)定，但使用金屬間化合物進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化的鈷基合金也有所發(fā)展。性能播報(bào)編輯中碳化物的熱穩(wěn)定性較好。溫度上升時(shí)﹐碳化物集聚長(zhǎng)大速度比鎳基合金中的γ 相長(zhǎng)大速度要慢﹐重新回溶于基體的溫度也較高(最高可達(dá)1100℃)﹐因此在溫度上升時(shí)﹐鈷基合金的強(qiáng)度下降一般比較緩慢。鈷基合金有很好的抗熱腐蝕性能，一般認(rèn)為，鈷基合金在這方面優(yōu)于鎳基合金的原因，是鈷的硫化物熔點(diǎn)(如Co-Co4S3共晶，877℃)比鎳的硫化物熔點(diǎn)(如Ni-Ni3S2共晶645℃)高，并且硫在鈷中的擴(kuò)散率比在鎳中低得多。而且由于大多數(shù)鈷基合金含鉻量比鎳基合金高，所以在合金表面能形成抵抗堿金屬硫酸鹽(如Na2SO4腐蝕的Cr2O3保護(hù)層)。但抗氧化能力通常比鎳基合金低得多。生產(chǎn)工藝播報(bào)編輯早期的鈷基合金用非真空冶煉和鑄造工藝生產(chǎn)。后來(lái)研制成的合金，如Mar-M509合金，因含有較多的活性元素鋯、硼等，用真空冶煉和真空鑄造生產(chǎn)。中的碳化物顆粒的大小和分布以及晶粒尺寸對(duì)鑄造工藝很敏感，為使鑄造鈷基合金部件達(dá)到所要求的持久強(qiáng)度和熱疲勞性能，必須控制鑄造工藝參數(shù)。需進(jìn)行熱處理，主要是控制碳化物的析出。對(duì)鑄造而言，首先進(jìn)行高溫固溶處理，溫度通常為1150℃左右，使所有的一次碳化物，包括部分MC型碳化物溶入固溶體；然后再在870-980℃進(jìn)行時(shí)效處理，使碳化物(最常見的為M23C6)重新析出。磨損播報(bào)編輯合金工件的磨損在很大程度上受其表面的接觸應(yīng)力或沖擊應(yīng)力的影響。在應(yīng)力作用下表面磨損隨位錯(cuò)流動(dòng)和接觸表面的互相作用特征而定。對(duì)于來(lái)說，這種特征與基體具有較低的層錯(cuò)能及基體組織在應(yīng)力作用或溫度影響下由面心立方轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱矫芘啪w結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)，具有六方密排晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的金屬材料，耐磨性是較優(yōu)的。此外，合金的第二相如碳化物的含量、形態(tài)和分布對(duì)耐磨性也有影響。由于鉻、鎢和鉬的合金碳化物分布于富鈷的基體中以及部分鉻、鎢和鉬原子固溶于基體，使合金得到強(qiáng)化，從而改善耐磨性。在鑄造鈷基合金中，碳化物顆粒尺寸與冷卻速度有關(guān)，冷卻快則碳化物顆粒比較細(xì)。砂型鑄造時(shí)合金的硬度較低，碳化物顆粒也較粗大，這種狀態(tài)下，合金的磨料磨損耐磨性明顯優(yōu)于石墨型鑄造（碳化物顆粒較細(xì)），而粘著磨損耐磨性兩者沒有明顯差異，說明粗大的碳化物有利于改善抗磨料磨損能力。新手上路成長(zhǎng)任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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GH605(GH5605) 一、GH605概述 GH605是以20Cr和15W固溶強(qiáng)化的鈷基高溫合金，在815℃以下具有中等的持久和蠕變強(qiáng)度，在1090℃以下具有優(yōu)良的抗氧化性能，同時(shí) 具有滿意的成形、焊接等工藝性能。適用于制造航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室和導(dǎo)向葉片等要求中等強(qiáng)度和優(yōu)良的高溫抗氧化性能的熱端高溫零部件。也可在航天發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和航天 飛機(jī)上使用?？缮a(chǎn)供應(yīng)各種變形產(chǎn)品，如薄板、中板、帶材、棒材、鍛件、絲材以及精密鑄件。1.1 GH605材料牌號(hào)GH605(GH5605)。1.2 GH605相近牌號(hào) L605,HS25,WF-11,AlS1670,UNSR30605(美國(guó))、KC20WN(法國(guó))。1.3 GH605材料的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) WS9 7053-1996 《GH605合金熱軋板材、冷軋薄板和帶材》 Q/5B 4021-1992 《GH605合金環(huán)形鍛件技術(shù)條件》 Q/5B 4031-1992 《GH605合金棒材》 Q/5B 4032-1992 《GH605合金帶材》 Q/5B 4033-1992 《GH605合金帶材（硬態(tài)）》 Q/5B 4059-1992 《GH605高溫合金冷拉焊絲》1.4 GH605化學(xué)成分 見表1-1。表1-1 %CCrNiWCoMnFeSiPS不大于0.05～0.1519.0～21.09.0～11.014.0～16.0余1.0～2.03.00.400.0400.0301.5 GH605熱處理制度 板材、帶材：1175～1230℃,快速冷卻；環(huán)形件：1175～1230℃，保溫不少于15min,水冷或快速空冷；棒材（機(jī)加工用）：1175～1230℃,快速冷卻。1.6 GH605品種規(guī)格與供應(yīng)狀態(tài) 可以供應(yīng)δ≤14mm的熱軋中板、δ≤4mm的冷軋板材、δ0.05～0.80mm的冷軋帶材、 δ0.20～0.80mm的冷硬帶材、d0.2～10.0mm的焊絲、d≤300mm的棒材和各種直徑及壁厚的環(huán)形件。中板和薄板經(jīng)固溶、堿酸洗、切邊后 供應(yīng)；帶材經(jīng)固溶、堿酸洗、切邊后成卷供應(yīng)；冷硬帶材經(jīng)固溶、冷軋、退火、拋光和切邊后供應(yīng)；焊絲以硬態(tài)、半硬態(tài)、固溶加酸洗、光亮固溶處理狀態(tài)成盤交 貨，也可以直條交貨；環(huán)形件經(jīng)固溶處理粗加工或除氧化皮后供應(yīng)；機(jī)加工用棒材經(jīng)退火后酸洗或磨光后供應(yīng)，熱加工用棒材可經(jīng)退火并磨光后交貨。1.7 GH605熔煉與鑄造工藝 合金采用電弧爐或非真空感應(yīng)爐熔煉后再經(jīng)電渣重熔，或采用真空感應(yīng)熔煉加電渣重熔。1.8 GH605應(yīng)用概況與特殊要求 主要在引進(jìn)機(jī)種上使用，用于制造導(dǎo)向葉片、渦輪外環(huán)、外壁、渦流器、封嚴(yán)片等高溫零部件。該合金對(duì)硅含量很敏感， 硅可促使合金在760～925℃之間暴露時(shí)形成Co2W型L相，從而使合金的室溫塑性下降，因此合金中的硅含量應(yīng)控制小于0.4%。二、GH605物理及化學(xué)性能 2.1 GH605熱性能 2.1.1 GH605熔化溫度范圍 1330～1410℃[1]。2.1.2 GH605熱導(dǎo)率 見圖2-1。2.1.3 GH605比熱容 合金于20～100℃時(shí)的比熱容c=377J/(kg·℃)[1,2,3]。2.1.4 GH605線膨脹系數(shù) 見表2-1。表2-1[4]θ/℃20～20020～40020～50020～60020～70020～80020～90020～100020～1100α/10-6℃-112.913.814.214.615.115.716.317.017.82.2 GH605密度 ρ=9.13g/cm3[1,3]。 2.3 GH605電性能 2.3.1 GH605不同溫度的電阻率見表2-2。2.3.2 GH605冷加工量為25%的合金在低溫下的電阻率見圖2-2。 2.4 GH605磁性能 合金無(wú)磁性。表2-2[2]θ/℃254008001000ρ/(10-6Ω·m)2.302.622.872.91
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