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Q345B特種鋼板-國(guó)產(chǎn)耐磨板/高強(qiáng)度鋼板系列
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[1]它是碳素合金鋼（c<0.2%)，綜合性能好，低溫性能好，冷沖壓性能好，焊接性能和可切削性能好。廣泛應(yīng)用于橋梁、車輛、船舶、建筑、壓力容器等。中文名Q345B別 名16MNQ鋼的屈服強(qiáng)度345屈服強(qiáng)度數(shù)值，單位MPaB質(zhì)量等級(jí)為B級(jí)執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行GB/T1591-2008應(yīng) 用橋梁、車輛、船舶、建筑優(yōu) 點(diǎn)低溫性能好，冷沖壓性能目錄1優(yōu)質(zhì)2特性3工具鋼4易切削鋼5合金6結(jié)構(gòu)鋼7高強(qiáng)度鋼8彈簧鋼9軸承鋼10合金高速11耐熱鋼12焊條鋼13電工硅鋼優(yōu)質(zhì)播報(bào)編輯①鋼號(hào)開(kāi)頭的兩位數(shù)字表示鋼的碳含量，以平均碳含量的萬(wàn)分之幾表示，例如平均碳含量為0.45%的鋼，鋼號(hào)為“45”，它不是順序號(hào)，所以不能讀成45號(hào)鋼,可讀作45鋼。②錳含量較高的優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，應(yīng)將錳元素標(biāo)出，例如50Mn。③沸騰鋼、半鎮(zhèn)靜鋼及專門用途的優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼應(yīng)在鋼號(hào)最后特別標(biāo)出，例如平均碳含量為0.1%的半鎮(zhèn)靜鋼，其鋼號(hào)為10b。特性播報(bào)編輯①由Q+數(shù)字+質(zhì)量等級(jí)符號(hào)+脫氧方法符號(hào)組成。它的鋼號(hào)冠以“Q”，代表鋼材的屈服點(diǎn)，后面的數(shù)字表示屈服點(diǎn)數(shù)值，單位是MPa例如Q235表示屈服點(diǎn)（Rel)為235 MPa的碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼I。當(dāng)磚雕方要求鋼板具有厚度方向性能時(shí)，則上牌號(hào)后加上代表厚度方向（Z向）性能級(jí)別的符號(hào)，例如：Q345BZ15。②必要時(shí)鋼號(hào)后面可標(biāo)出表示質(zhì)量等級(jí)和脫氧方法的符號(hào)。質(zhì)量等級(jí)符號(hào)分別為A、B、C、D、E。脫氧方法符號(hào)：F表示沸騰鋼；b表示半鎮(zhèn)靜鋼：Z表示鎮(zhèn)靜鋼；TZ表示特殊鎮(zhèn)靜鋼，鎮(zhèn)靜鋼可不標(biāo)符號(hào)，即Z和TZ都可不標(biāo)。例如Q235-AF表示A級(jí)沸騰鋼。③專門用途的碳素鋼，例如橋梁鋼、船用鋼等，基本上采用碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的表示方法，但在鋼號(hào)最后附加表示用途的字母。工具鋼播報(bào)編輯①鋼號(hào)冠以“T”，以免與其他鋼類相混。②鋼號(hào)中的數(shù)字表示碳含量，以平均碳含量的千分之幾表示。例如“T8”表示平均碳含量為0.8%。③錳含量較高者，在鋼號(hào)最后標(biāo)出“Mn”，例如“T8Mn”。④高級(jí)優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素工具鋼的磷、硫含量，比一般優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素工具鋼低，在鋼號(hào)最后加注字母“A”，以示區(qū)別，例如“T8MnA”。易切削鋼播報(bào)編輯①鋼號(hào)冠以“Y”，以區(qū)別于優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼。②字母“Y”后的數(shù)字表示碳含量，以平均碳含量的萬(wàn)分之幾表示，例如平均碳含量為0.3%的易切削鋼，其鋼號(hào)為“Y30”。③錳含量較高者，亦在鋼號(hào)后標(biāo)出“Mn”，例如“Y40Mn”。合金播報(bào)編輯Q345B①鋼號(hào)開(kāi)頭的兩位數(shù)字表示鋼的碳含量，以平均碳含量的萬(wàn)分之幾表示，如40Cr。②鋼中主要合金元素，除個(gè)別微合金元素外，一般以百分之幾表示。當(dāng)平均合金含量<1.5%時(shí)，鋼號(hào)中一般只標(biāo)出元素符號(hào)，而不標(biāo)明含量，但在特殊情況下易致混淆者，在元素符號(hào)后亦可標(biāo)以數(shù)字“1”，例如鋼號(hào)“12CrMoV”和“12Cr1MoV”，前者鉻含量為0.4-0.6%，后者為0.9-1.2%，其余成分全部相同。當(dāng)合金元素平均含量≥1.5%、≥2.5%、≥3.5%……時(shí)，在元素符號(hào)后面應(yīng)標(biāo)明含量，可相應(yīng)表示為2、3、4……等。例如18Cr2Ni4WA。③鋼中的釩V、鈦Ti、鋁AL、硼B(yǎng)、稀土RE等合金元素，均屬微合金元素，雖然含量很低，仍應(yīng)在鋼號(hào)中標(biāo)出。例如20MnVB鋼中。釩為0.07-0.12%，硼為0.001-0.005%。④高級(jí)優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼應(yīng)在鋼號(hào)最后加“A”，以區(qū)別于一般優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼。⑤專門用途的合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，鋼號(hào)冠以（或后綴）代表該鋼種用途的符號(hào)。例如，鉚螺專用的30CrMnSi鋼，鋼號(hào)表示為ML30CrMnSi。結(jié)構(gòu)鋼播報(bào)編輯16mn小口徑無(wú)縫鋼管Q345B鋼板產(chǎn)品簡(jiǎn)介：Q345A(GB/T 1591-1994) ω/% 性能及應(yīng)用：類同于Q235的命名方法。Q345a，Q345b，Q345c，Q345d，Q345e。這是等級(jí)的區(qū)分，所代表的，主要是沖擊的溫度有所不同而已。Q345a級(jí)，是不做沖擊；Q345b級(jí)，是20度常溫沖擊；Q345c級(jí)，是0度沖擊；Q345d級(jí)，是－20度沖擊；Q345e級(jí)，是－40度沖擊。在不同的沖擊溫度，沖擊的數(shù)值也有所不同。在板材里，屬低合金系列。在低合金的材質(zhì)里，此種材質(zhì)為最普通的。Q345過(guò)去的一種叫法為：16mn。一，板材規(guī)格尺寸材 質(zhì)厚度寬度長(zhǎng)度Q345B18538150322Q345B10220010800Q345B15200010700Q345B20235012000Q345B18538150322Q345B40252011640Q345B50260011600Q345B60230011100Q345B7021209050Q345B80254012200Q345B90220010200Q345B100255010300Q345B12023609200Q345B15025806700Q345B18638510901Q345B20023807910Q345B22023607390Q345B24023807250Q345B26023706500Q345B27023006210Q345B28022606480Q345B32019506000二，化學(xué)成份牌號(hào)CSiMnPSVNbAlTiCrNiCuQ345A≤0.20≤0.50≤1.70≤0.035≤0.035≤0.15≤0.07-≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345B≤0.20≤0.50≤1.70≤0.0350.035≤0.15≤0.07-≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345C≤0.20≤0.50≤1.70≤0.030≤0.030≤0.15≤0.07≥0.015≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345D0.18≤0.50≤1.70≤0.030≤0.025≤0.15≤0.07≥0.015≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345E≤0.18≤0.50≤1.70≤0.025≤0.020≤0.15≤0.07≥0.015≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30三，力學(xué)性能屈服強(qiáng)度：≤16mm：大于345，16-40mm：大于335，40-63mm：大于325，63—80mm：大于315，80—100m：大于305，100—150mm：大于285，150—200mm：大于275?？估瓘?qiáng)度：470—630。伸長(zhǎng)率：大于17。沖擊試驗(yàn)：試驗(yàn)溫度：20℃：大于34。四，執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：Q345的外部執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：gb709，內(nèi)部執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：gb/t1591-94，由于執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的原因，此種鋼板允許負(fù)公差交貨。最新執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為GB/T1591-2018.另：Q345最新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T1591-2018 相對(duì)于老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以Q355鋼級(jí)代替Q345鋼級(jí)，最明顯的一個(gè)變化就是Mn元素含量的變化，從原來(lái)的1.0-1.60調(diào)整為≤1.60，取消了最小值的限定。隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，科技的不斷進(jìn)步，各種微量元素在鋼板中的應(yīng)用也更加廣泛，Mn含量不再是影響鋼材強(qiáng)度和機(jī)械性能的因素。所以中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局和中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)聯(lián)合發(fā)布實(shí)施的低合金高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，取消Mn含量區(qū)間的限定，只規(guī)定最大值。對(duì)于Q345鋼材的檢測(cè)，一方面是鋼材的元素含量是否達(dá)到國(guó)標(biāo)要求，最重要的一方面是通過(guò)專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)檢測(cè)鋼材的機(jī)械性能（屈服強(qiáng)度、拉伸試驗(yàn)）是否達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。五，Q235與Q345的區(qū)別不同：Q235的屈服強(qiáng)度下限為235mpa,Q345的屈服強(qiáng)度下限為345mpa（Q的意義為漢字的"屈"字，后面的數(shù)值代表屈服強(qiáng)度下限）二者合金含量不同：Q235為普通碳鋼，Q345為低合金鋼。（與舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1591-88牌號(hào)對(duì)照12mnv、16mn 16mnre、18nb、14mnnb）六，性能和應(yīng)用Q235--金屬結(jié)構(gòu)件，心部強(qiáng)度要求不高的滲碳或氰化零件，拉桿、連桿、吊鉤、車鉤、螺栓螺母、套筒、軸及焊接件。Q345--綜合力學(xué)性能良好，低溫性能亦可，塑性和焊接性良好，用做中低壓容器、油罐、車輛、起重機(jī)、礦山機(jī)械、電站、橋梁等承受動(dòng)荷的結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)械零件、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)、一般金屬結(jié)構(gòu)件，熱軋或正火狀態(tài)使用，可用于-40℃以下寒冷地區(qū)的各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如結(jié)構(gòu)是強(qiáng)度控制，可考慮采用Q345，如結(jié)構(gòu)是剛度控制，可考慮采用Q235。價(jià)格Q345稍貴點(diǎn)，但因其高強(qiáng)度，可節(jié)省材料。具體選用可從以上幾點(diǎn)綜合比較。①．廣泛應(yīng)用于橋梁、車輛、船舶、建筑、壓力容器等。②．適用于熱軋、控軋、正火、正火加回火及淬火狀態(tài)供應(yīng)的工程用鋼和一般結(jié)構(gòu)用厚度不小于3mm的鋼板、鋼帶及型鋼、鋼棒。高強(qiáng)度鋼播報(bào)編輯①鋼號(hào)的表示方法，基本上和合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼相同。②對(duì)專業(yè)用低合金高強(qiáng)度鋼，應(yīng)在鋼號(hào)最后標(biāo)明。例如16Mn鋼，用于橋梁的專用鋼種為“16MnQ”，汽車大梁的專用鋼種為“16MnL”，壓力容器的專用鋼種為“16MnR”。彈簧鋼播報(bào)編輯彈簧鋼按化學(xué)成分可分為碳素彈簧鋼和合金彈簧鋼兩類，其鋼號(hào)表示方法，前者基本上與優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼相同，后者基本上與合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼相同。軸承鋼播報(bào)編輯①鋼號(hào)冠以字母“G”，表示滾動(dòng)軸承鋼類。②高碳鉻軸承鋼鋼號(hào)的碳含量不標(biāo)出，鉻含量以千分之幾表示。例如GCr15。滲碳軸承鋼的鋼號(hào)表示方法，基本上和合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼相同。合金高速播報(bào)編輯①合金工具鋼鋼號(hào)的平均碳含量≥1.0%時(shí)，不標(biāo)出碳含量；當(dāng)平均碳含量<1.0%時(shí)，以千分之幾表示。例如Cr12、CrWMn、9SiCr、3Cr2W8V。②鋼中合金元素含量的表示方法，基本上與合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼相同。但對(duì)鉻含量較低的合金工具鋼鋼號(hào)，其鉻含量以千分之幾表示，并在表示含量的數(shù)字前加“0”，以便把它和一般元素含量按百分之幾表示的方法區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。例如Cr06。③高速工具鋼的鋼號(hào)一般不標(biāo)出碳含量，只標(biāo)出各種合金元素平均含量的百分之幾。例如鎢系高速鋼的鋼號(hào)表示為“W18Cr4V”。鋼號(hào)冠以字母“C”者，表示其碳含量高于未冠“C”的通用鋼號(hào)。耐熱鋼播報(bào)編輯①鋼號(hào)中碳含量以千分之幾表示。例如“2Cr13”鋼的平均碳含量為0.2%；若鋼中含碳量≤0.03%或≤0.08%者,鋼號(hào)前分別冠以“00”及“0”表示之，例如00Cr17Ni14Mo2、0Cr18 Ni9等。②對(duì)鋼中主要合金元素以百分之幾表示，而鈦、鈮、鋯、氮……等則按上述合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼對(duì)微合金元素的表示方法標(biāo)出。焊條鋼播報(bào)編輯它的鋼號(hào)前冠以字母“H”，以區(qū)別于其他鋼類。例如不銹鋼焊絲為“H2Cr13”，可以區(qū)別于不銹鋼“2Cr13”。電工硅鋼播報(bào)編輯①鋼號(hào)由字母和數(shù)字組成。鋼號(hào)頭部字母DR表示電工用熱軋硅鋼，DW表示電工用冷軋無(wú)取向硅鋼，DQ表示電工用冷軋取向硅鋼。②字母之后的數(shù)字表示鐵損值（W/kg）的100倍。③鋼號(hào)尾部加字母“G”者，表示在高頻率下檢驗(yàn)的；未加“G”者，表示在頻率為50周波下檢驗(yàn)的。例如鋼號(hào)DW470表示電工用冷軋無(wú)取向硅鋼產(chǎn)品在50赫頻率時(shí)的最大單位重量鐵損值為4.7W/kg。新手上路成長(zhǎng)任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問(wèn)內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見(jiàn)反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過(guò)詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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