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.block-item .block-title{color:#333;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-title svg{color:#aaa;margin-right:10px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content{padding:5px 0 0 30px;width:210px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content>a{color:#666;cursor:pointer;float:left;margin-bottom:5px;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:90px}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content>a:hover{color:#338de6;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}.page-footer-content .block-item .block-content .block-content-new-icon{height:7px;left:52px;position:absolute;top:3px}網(wǎng)頁新聞貼吧知道網(wǎng)盤圖片視頻地圖文庫資訊采購百科百度首頁登錄注冊進入詞條全站搜索幫助首頁秒懂百科特色百科知識專題加入百科百科團隊權威合作個人中心45號鋼板播報討論上傳視頻中碳鋼制成的鋼板材料收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10同義詞S45C（S45C）一般指45號鋼板45號鋼板，是用45號鋼為材質(zhì)制成的鋼板。材料密度7.85g/cm3，尺寸、外形重量、化學成分、技術要求方面依據(jù)國標GB/T 711-2017執(zhí)行 [7]。45號鋼是一種優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素鋼，含碳量0.42%-0.50% [2]，屬于中碳鋼 [3]。45號鋼具有一定的塑性和韌性、較高的強度，可加工性良好，采用調(diào)質(zhì)處理可獲得很好的綜合力學性能。淬透性較差，水淬易產(chǎn)生裂紋。焊接性較差，仍可焊接，但焊前應將焊件進行預熱，且焊后應進行退火處理，以消除焊接應力。 [4]鋼板是一種寬厚比和表面積都很大的扁平鋼材，有很大的覆蓋和包容能力，可剪裁組合，還可焊接、彎曲、沖壓、冷彎，應用廣泛。 [5]45號鋼板性能適中，主要用于制造有一定強度和承受沖擊的機械結構零部件，如汽車大梁、橫梁、車架等。 [6]中文名45號鋼板外文名carbon steelδ5\%≥16常見厚度0.5－80 mm材料密度7.85g/cm3國標牌號GB/T 699-2015 [1]σ b≥600MPaσ s≥355MPa目錄1產(chǎn)品簡介2機械性能?調(diào)制處理硬度規(guī)格尺寸?45號鋼的調(diào)質(zhì)3具體應用4辨別型號產(chǎn)品簡介播報編輯化學成分元素比例(%)：碳C：0.42～0.50；鉻Cr：≤0.25；錳Mn：0.50～0.80；鎳Ni：≤0.25；磷P：≤0.035；硫S：≤0.035；硅Si：0.17～0.37機械性能播報編輯σb\MPa:≥600σs\MPa:≥355δ5\%:≥16ψ\%:≥40硬度\HB:≤197GB/T699-1999標準規(guī)定的45鋼推薦熱處理溫度為850℃正火、840℃淬火、600℃回火，達到的性能為屈服強度≥355MPaGB/T699-1999標準規(guī)定45鋼抗拉強度為600MPa，屈服強度為355MPa，伸長率為16%，斷面收縮率為40%調(diào)制處理硬度規(guī)格尺寸45#（號）鋼和40Cr鋼調(diào)質(zhì)的熱處理工藝調(diào)質(zhì)是淬火加高溫回火的雙重熱處理，其目的是使工件具有良好的綜合機械性能。調(diào)質(zhì)鋼有碳素調(diào)質(zhì)鋼和合金調(diào)質(zhì)鋼二大類，不管是碳鋼還是合金鋼，其含碳量控制比較嚴格。如果含碳量過高，調(diào)質(zhì)后工件的強度雖高，但韌性不夠，如含碳量過低，韌性提高而強度不足。為使調(diào)質(zhì)件得到好的綜合性能，一般含碳量控制在0.30~0.50%。調(diào)質(zhì)淬火時，要求工件整個截面淬透，使工件得到以細針狀淬火馬氏體為主的顯微組織。通過高溫回火，得到以均勻回火索氏體為主的顯微組織。小型工廠不可能每爐搞金相分析，一般只作硬度測試，這就是說，淬火后的硬度必須達到該材料的淬火硬度，回火后硬度按圖要求來檢查。工件調(diào)質(zhì)處理的操作，必須嚴格按工藝文件執(zhí)行，對操作過程中如何實施工藝提些看法。45號鋼的調(diào)質(zhì)45號鋼是中碳結構鋼，冷熱加工性能都不錯，機械性能較好，且價格低、來源廣，所以應用廣泛。它的最大弱點是淬透性低，截面尺寸大和要求比較高的工件不宜采用。45號鋼淬火溫度在A3+(30~50) ℃，在實際操作中，一般是取上限的。偏高的淬火溫度可以使工件加熱速度加快，表面氧化減少，且能提高工效。為使工件的奧氏體均勻化，就需要足夠的保溫時間。如果實際裝爐量大，就需適當延長保溫時間。不然，可能會出現(xiàn)因加熱不均勻造成硬度不足的現(xiàn)象。但保溫時間過長，也會也出現(xiàn)晶粒粗大，氧化脫碳嚴重的弊病，影響淬火質(zhì)量，如裝爐量大于工藝文件的規(guī)定，加熱保溫時間需延長1/5。因為45號鋼淬透性低，故應采用冷卻速度大的10%鹽水溶液。工件入水后，應該淬透，但不是冷透，如果工件在鹽水中冷透，就有可能使工件開裂，這是因為當工件冷卻到180℃左右時，奧氏體迅速轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轳R氏體造成過大的組織應力所致。因此，當淬火工件快冷到該溫度區(qū)域，就應采取緩冷的方法。由于出水溫度難以掌握，須憑經(jīng)驗操作，當水中的工件抖動停止，即可出水空冷（如能油冷更好）。另外，工件入水宜動不宜靜，應按照工件的幾何形狀，作規(guī)則運動。靜止的冷卻介質(zhì)加上靜止的工件，導致硬度不均勻，應力不均勻而使工件變形大，甚至開裂。45號鋼調(diào)質(zhì)件淬火后的硬度應該達到HRC56~59，截面大的可能低些，但不能低于HRC48，不然，就說明工件未得到完全淬火，組織中可能出現(xiàn)索氏體甚至鐵素體組織，這種組織通過回火，仍然保留在基體中，達不到調(diào)質(zhì)的目的。45號鋼淬火后的高溫回火，加熱溫度通常為560~600℃，硬度要求為HRC22~34。因為調(diào)質(zhì)的目的是得到綜合機械性能，所以硬度范圍比較寬。但圖紙有硬度要求的，就要按圖紙要求調(diào)整回火溫度，以保證硬度。如有些軸類零件要求強度高，硬度要求就高；而有些齒輪、帶鍵槽的軸類零件，因調(diào)質(zhì)后還要進行銑、插加工，硬度要求就低些。關于回火保溫時間，視硬度要求和工件大小而定，回火后的硬度取決于回火溫度，與回火時間關系不大，但必須回透，一般工件回火保溫時間總在一小時以上。具體應用播報編輯45號鋼廣泛應用于機械，未熱處理時：HB≤229；熱處理：正火；沖擊功：Aku≥39J；強度較高，塑性和韌性尚好，45#鋼板淬火后沒有回火之前，硬度大于HRC55（最高可達HRC62）為合格,經(jīng)過熱處理，再回火可以達到HRC42-46，這樣既能保證它良好的機械性能，又能得到表面的硬度要求，用于制作承受負荷較大的小截面調(diào)質(zhì)件和應力較小的大型正火零件，以及對心部強度要求不高的表面淬火零件，如梢子,導柱，表針等部件。辨別型號播報編輯1. 常通過用砂輪磨，看火花，發(fā)白的是中碳鋼，如45號鋼，發(fā)紅的是A3鋼。2. 45鋼和Q235的材料在石頭上磨一磨,容易磨掉的就是Q235。3. 用錘子敲一下,45鋼的痕比Q235(A3)的痕跡淺得多,因為Q235比45鋼軟得多。新手上路成長任務編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結構鋼熱軋鋼板和鋼帶：GB/T 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廣泛用于機械制造，這種鋼的機械性能很好。但是這是一種中碳鋼，淬火性能并不好，45號鋼可以淬硬至HRC42~46。所以如果需要表面硬度，又希望發(fā)揮45#鋼優(yōu)越的機械性能，常將45#鋼表面滲碳淬火，這樣就能得到需要的表面硬度?；瘜W成分P≤0.030S≤0.035Cu≤0.30Ni≤0.20Cr≤0.20力學性能供貨狀態(tài)硬度137~170HBS167~229HBS201~269HBS?？估瓘姸?gt;686MPa屈服強度>490MPa伸長率δ5>17%收縮率ψ>45%沖擊韌性值>78J/cm2硬度201~269HB。對應型號參考對應鋼號我國GB/JB的標準鋼號是45德國DIN標準材料編號1.0503法國AFNOR標準鋼號CC45法國NF標準鋼號C45意大利UNI標準鋼號C45比利時NBN標準鋼號C45-1瑞典SS標準鋼號1650西班牙UNE標準鋼號F.114美國AISI/SAE標準鋼號1045國際標準化組織ISO標準鋼號C45E4日本JIS標準鋼號S45C/S48C英國BS標準鋼號IC45/080A47。淬火工藝淬火、回火規(guī)范 淬火溫度820℃~870℃，水冷，回火溫度550~650℃，出爐后可以水冷也可以空冷?？估瓘姸?gt;686MPa，屈服強度>490MPa，伸長率δ5>17%，收縮率ψ>45%，沖擊韌性值>78J/cm2，硬度201~269HB。
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