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個(gè)人中心空中客車A320播報(bào)討論上傳視頻歐洲空中客車公司研制生產(chǎn)的150座級(jí)客機(jī)收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10同義詞320（320）一般指空中客車A320空中客車A320系列飛機(jī)是歐洲空中客車公司研制生產(chǎn)的單通道雙發(fā)中短程150座級(jí)客機(jī)。是第一款使用數(shù)字電傳操縱飛行控制系統(tǒng)的商用飛機(jī)，也是第一款放寬靜穩(wěn)定度設(shè)計(jì)的民航客機(jī)。A320系列飛機(jī)在設(shè)計(jì)上提高客艙適應(yīng)性和舒適性。A320系列飛機(jī)包括A318、A319、A320和A321在內(nèi)組成了單通道飛機(jī)系列。旨在滿足航空公司低成本運(yùn)營(yíng)中短程航線的需求，為運(yùn)營(yíng)商提供了100至220座級(jí)飛機(jī)中最大的共通性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。A320飛機(jī)自1988年4月投入運(yùn)營(yíng)以來，迅速在中短程航線上設(shè)立了舒適性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。A320系列的成功也奠定了空中客車公司在民航客機(jī)市場(chǎng)中的地位，打破美國(guó)壟斷客機(jī)市場(chǎng)的局面，研制與波音737系列和麥道MD-80系列進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)型。2024年11月21日，空客A320飛機(jī)首次裝配國(guó)產(chǎn)航空子午線輪胎并試飛成功 [44]。當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間12月9日，印度航空正式宣布訂購10架寬體A350。 [48]中文名空中客車 A320
外文名Airbus A320
動(dòng)力來源V2500發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、CFM56-5系列 [36] [42]
生產(chǎn)商歐洲空中客車公司
類型雙發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)窄體民用運(yùn)輸機(jī)
研制時(shí)間1982年-1987年
特點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)介雙發(fā)渦扇中型
投入運(yùn)營(yíng)1988年4月

目錄
1發(fā)展沿革2設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)?航電系統(tǒng)?運(yùn)載能力?共通性設(shè)計(jì)?獲益?管理系統(tǒng)3在華情況4訂購情況5主要型號(hào)6性能數(shù)據(jù)7重大事故
發(fā)展沿革
播報(bào)編輯空中客車A320列隊(duì)飛行A320項(xiàng)目自1982年3月正式啟動(dòng)，第一個(gè)型號(hào)是A320 —100。1987年2月22日首飛，1988年3月獲適航證并交付使用。1994年A321投入服務(wù)，1996年A319投入服務(wù)，2003年A318投入服務(wù)。最初法國(guó)航空公司的一架A320在問世后首次公開飛行的航空展上表演時(shí)墜毀，3名乘客死亡（法國(guó)航空296號(hào)班機(jī)事故），事故是由飛機(jī)電傳操縱系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)缺陷引起的。調(diào)查顯示A320的航電系統(tǒng)還有大量未解決的問題，但是隨著飛機(jī)技術(shù)的成熟完善，那次事故的影響慢慢消退，不再會(huì)影響到其優(yōu)良的聲譽(yù)了。隨著法國(guó)航空公司的機(jī)隊(duì)中增加了首架A318飛機(jī)，法航成為第一個(gè)運(yùn)營(yíng)全部空中客車A320系列飛機(jī)機(jī)型的航空公司。截至2008年，空中客車A320系列包括A320、A321、A319和A318在內(nèi)共生產(chǎn)了3000多架，產(chǎn)量?jī)H次于波音737，是歷史上銷量第二的噴氣式客機(jī)。部分資料來源 [1]2023年3月24日，在位于天津的空客A320系列飛機(jī)亞洲總裝線，首架在我國(guó)完成總裝的空客A321飛機(jī)正式交付給航空公司。 [29]2023年4月6日，空中客車公司與中國(guó)航空業(yè)合作伙伴——天津保稅區(qū)投資有限公司、中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司簽署協(xié)議，將在空客天津建設(shè)第二條生產(chǎn)線，拓展A320系列飛機(jī)的總裝能力，為空客全球到2026年實(shí)現(xiàn)月產(chǎn)75架A320系列飛機(jī)的總目標(biāo)貢獻(xiàn)力量。 [31]3月31日，空客天津A320系列飛機(jī)第二條總裝線項(xiàng)目最大單體建筑，209總裝廠房基礎(chǔ)施工順利完成，正式轉(zhuǎn)入地上施工階段。 [38]2024年7月8日，位于天津的空客A320系列飛機(jī)亞洲總裝線，正式交付第700架在中國(guó)完成總裝的飛機(jī)。該架飛機(jī)為空客A320neo飛機(jī)，由成都航空接收運(yùn)營(yíng)，共設(shè)180個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)艙座位。 [43]2024年11月21日，空客A320飛機(jī)首次裝配國(guó)產(chǎn)航空子午線輪胎并試飛成功 [44]。2024年11月27日，春秋航空引進(jìn)一架空中客車A320neo客機(jī)。 [46]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2024年12月9日，印度航空正式宣布訂購10架寬體A350。 [48]
設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)
播報(bào)編輯航電系統(tǒng)法國(guó)航空的A318空中客車A320系列在設(shè)計(jì)中采取“以新制勝”的方針，采用先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)以及新的結(jié)構(gòu)材料和先進(jìn)的數(shù)字式機(jī)載電子設(shè)備。 [2]大量使用復(fù)合材料作為主要結(jié)構(gòu)材料。這是歷史上第一架放寬靜穩(wěn)定度設(shè)計(jì)的民用客機(jī)。也是歷史上第一種采用電傳操縱（fly-by-wire）飛行控制系統(tǒng)的亞音速民航運(yùn)輸機(jī)，代替了過去主要靠機(jī)械裝置傳輸飛行員指令來控制飛機(jī)的姿態(tài)和動(dòng)作。飛行員的操縱動(dòng)作被轉(zhuǎn)換成電子信號(hào)，經(jīng)過計(jì)算機(jī)處理后再驅(qū)動(dòng)液壓和電氣裝置來控制飛機(jī)姿態(tài)。從而代替了過去的主要由線纜等機(jī)械裝置來傳輸飛行員指令，進(jìn)而控制飛機(jī)的姿態(tài)和動(dòng)作。這是第一款使用電傳操縱飛行控制系統(tǒng)的大型客機(jī)。主儀表盤上6個(gè)可互換的液晶顯示屏取代了過去飛機(jī)上眾多的儀表刻度盤，便于接受信息并確保降低2名駕駛員的工作負(fù)載。同時(shí)采用側(cè)置的操縱桿代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)駕駛盤。機(jī)翼在A310機(jī)翼的基礎(chǔ)上又進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，A320從第22架開始配備翼梢小翼。A-320的飛行自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)全部安裝在飛機(jī)的駕駛艙內(nèi)。數(shù)控性能極好的數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)在35,000條不同的線路上繁秒輸送以萬計(jì)的信號(hào)。飛機(jī)飛行完全由7臺(tái)電腦操縱。主系統(tǒng)由截然不同的兩個(gè)部分組成：其中一部分工作，另一部分通過各方面提供的數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控操作。另外有兩臺(tái)電腦負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行飛行計(jì)劃，還有4臺(tái)分別監(jiān)控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和機(jī)上其他系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 [3]運(yùn)載能力A320彩繪機(jī)A320系列擁有單通道飛機(jī)市場(chǎng)中最寬敞的機(jī)身，這一優(yōu)化的機(jī)身截面為客艙靈活性設(shè)定了新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。通過加寬座椅，提供了最大程度的舒適性；而較寬的通道對(duì)于需要快速周轉(zhuǎn)的低成本市場(chǎng)是很重要的。此外，優(yōu)越的客艙尺寸和形狀可以安裝寬大的頭頂行李艙，一方面更加方便，同時(shí)也可以加快上下乘客的速度。客艙舒適而寬敞是當(dāng)前最受歡迎的150座級(jí)的中短程客機(jī)。較寬的機(jī)身還提供了無與倫比的貨運(yùn)能力?！半p水泡形”機(jī)身截面大大提高了貨艙中裝運(yùn)行李和集裝箱的能力。A319、A320和A321是該級(jí)別飛機(jī)中惟一能夠提供集裝箱貨運(yùn)裝載系統(tǒng)的飛機(jī)。該系統(tǒng)與全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寬體飛機(jī)裝載系統(tǒng)兼容，從而減少了地服設(shè)備，降低了裝卸成本。該系列飛機(jī)具有的高可靠性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了盈利性和為乘客提供服務(wù)的能力。此外，A320系列油耗、排放和噪音都是同級(jí)別中比較低的。A-320飛機(jī)的費(fèi)用比和它差不多的同樣是150座的波音737-300飛機(jī)低13%，A-320的飛行速度超過波音737-300的5%，飛行距離延長(zhǎng)30%，達(dá)到5280千米。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)具有噪音低、功率大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 [3]共通性設(shè)計(jì)A320彩繪空中客車320系列包括150座的A320、186座的A321、124座的A319和107座的A318四種基本型號(hào)，這四種型號(hào)的飛機(jī)擁有相同的基本座艙配置，從107座到221座。具有相同的駕駛艙、相同的飛行操作程序、相同的客艙截面和相同的系統(tǒng)。飛行員只要接受相同的飛行訓(xùn)練，就可駕駛以上四種不同的客機(jī)。同時(shí)這種共通性設(shè)計(jì)也降低了維修的成本及備用航材的庫存，大大增強(qiáng)航空公司的靈活性。此外，A320系列飛機(jī)的駕駛員都具有空中客車電傳操作飛行資格。通過簡(jiǎn)捷的差別培訓(xùn)，而不必經(jīng)過一整套全新的型別等級(jí)培訓(xùn)，就可方便地過渡到駕駛較大的A330、A340和A380飛機(jī)。共通性的優(yōu)勢(shì)同樣適用于A320系列飛機(jī)的客艙乘務(wù)員。A320系列所有的型號(hào)都擁有雙發(fā)延程飛行操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ETOPS的等級(jí)。獲益A320系列飛機(jī)從空客運(yùn)營(yíng)共通性的獨(dú)特好處中獲益?？罩锌蛙嚬就瞥隽艘幌盗刑岣哒w可靠性、降低維護(hù)和零備件成本的增強(qiáng)型飛機(jī)系統(tǒng)。法國(guó)航空的A321四川航空的A320荷蘭皇家航空的A320漢莎航空的A320深圳航空的A320重慶航空的A320吉祥航空的A321西部航空的A320中國(guó)南方航空的A320多彩貴州航空的A320春秋航空的A320成都航空的A319中國(guó)國(guó)際航空的A320紅土航空的A320加拿大航空的空客A320重慶航空的空客A320青島航空的空客A320浙江長(zhǎng)龍航空的空客A320港龍航空的空客A320華夏航空的空客A320這些系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)已成為所有新訂購的A320系列飛機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置，其中包括新一代客艙雙向通信數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)包括一塊供乘務(wù)員使用的圖形觸摸屏，方便他們編制計(jì)劃并減少培訓(xùn)時(shí)間；還包括一些新型駕駛艙液晶顯示屏，這些顯示屏比陰極射線管顯示屏的重量更輕，也更清晰，但仍以同樣的方式顯示數(shù)據(jù)，以便為飛行員保留駕駛艙共通性。此外，還對(duì)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的多個(gè)飛機(jī)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了修改，以降低維護(hù)和零備件成本。管理系統(tǒng)中國(guó)南方航空的A321空中客車公司還在該系列飛機(jī)中使用了動(dòng)態(tài)運(yùn)力管理系統(tǒng)（Dynamic Capacity Management），從而使運(yùn)營(yíng)商在利用適當(dāng)?shù)娘w機(jī)滿足具體航線需求方面具有了巨大的靈活性。所有的A320系列飛機(jī)都擁有同樣的型號(hào)等級(jí)，飛行員只需參加一種機(jī)型的培訓(xùn)課程就可駕駛A320系列所有的飛機(jī)，同樣，一個(gè)機(jī)械師團(tuán)隊(duì)也可維護(hù)所有的飛機(jī)。由于空中客車的系列化飛機(jī)概念和運(yùn)營(yíng)共通性，在經(jīng)過極短時(shí)間的額外培訓(xùn)后，飛行員就可迅速從單通道飛機(jī)換飛空中客車其他較大型的遠(yuǎn)程飛機(jī)。雙發(fā)的A319、A320和A321飛機(jī)可由CFM 國(guó)際的CFM56發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)或國(guó)際航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)公司（International Aero Engines）的V2500發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提供動(dòng)力，而A318則可配備CFM56發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)或普惠公司的PW6000發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。部分資料來源 [4]
在華情況
播報(bào)編輯中國(guó)東方航空的A320-2001995年，四川航空引進(jìn)中國(guó)大陸地區(qū)首架A320系列飛機(jī)。2005年12月5日，海南航空公司引進(jìn)空客A320系列客機(jī)。2006年6月8日，經(jīng)中國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)宣布，選址在天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)，建立一條空中客車A320客機(jī)總裝線。中國(guó)國(guó)際航空的A3192006年10月26日，空中客車公司與由天津保稅區(qū)、中國(guó)航空工業(yè)第一集團(tuán)公司和中國(guó)航空工業(yè)第二集團(tuán)公司組成的中方聯(lián)合體簽署在中國(guó)共同建設(shè)A320系列飛機(jī)總裝生產(chǎn)線的框架協(xié)議，共同成立空中客車(天津)總裝有限公司。2008年9月28日，空中客車A320系列飛機(jī)天津總裝線28日正式投產(chǎn)，中國(guó)天津?qū)⒊蔀闅W洲大陸以外第一個(gè)向客戶交付空中客車飛機(jī)的城市，這也是空中客車?yán)^法國(guó)、德國(guó)之外的第三條總裝生產(chǎn)線。2009年，空客天津生產(chǎn)線的第一架A320飛機(jī)于2009年6月試飛，并交付奇龍航空租賃公司，由奇龍租給四川航空公司運(yùn)營(yíng)。正在飛行的空客A3202011年6月28日，中國(guó)航空器材集團(tuán)公司和工銀金融租賃有限公司向空中客車公司訂購88架A320系列飛機(jī)，購機(jī)框架協(xié)議在德國(guó)柏林簽署。這88架飛機(jī)中，工銀金融租賃有限公司訂購了42架，這是工銀金融租賃有限公司首次訂購空客A320系列飛機(jī)。工銀金融租賃有限公司董事長(zhǎng)李曉鵬說，他們?cè)诮?jīng)過深入的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查和嚴(yán)格的評(píng)審程序之后，決定向空中客車公司訂購A320系列飛機(jī)。以空客A320系列飛機(jī)來擴(kuò)大他們的機(jī)隊(duì)組合，這是工銀金融租賃有限公司的戰(zhàn)略性決策。中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶28日在柏林宣布，雙方共簽署和發(fā)表了近20個(gè)合作文件，達(dá)成的商業(yè)合同金額超過150億美元，其中包括中國(guó)購買88架空中客車A320系列飛機(jī)的協(xié)議。此外，大眾汽車將按計(jì)劃在中國(guó)建設(shè)兩個(gè)新工廠。截止2012年2月底，共有13家大陸航空公司以及3家公務(wù)機(jī)公司運(yùn)營(yíng)675架A320系列飛機(jī)。2012年8月30日，中國(guó)向德國(guó)訂購A320飛機(jī)50架，合同金額總計(jì)35億美元。2013年4月25日，中國(guó)航空器材集團(tuán)公司和空中客車公司簽署意向協(xié)議，訂購60架空客飛機(jī)，其中包括42架單通道的A320系列飛機(jī)。中國(guó)航空器材集團(tuán)公司總經(jīng)理李海表示，空客A320系列飛機(jī)已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)航空公司機(jī)隊(duì)的主力機(jī)型。為中國(guó)民航業(yè)的發(fā)展起到了支持作用。2022年9月，由中國(guó)香港籍貨輪承運(yùn)的首批2件空客A321飛機(jī)大部件，順利在天津港太平洋國(guó)際集裝箱碼頭卸船裝車，計(jì)劃13日運(yùn)抵空客總裝線。 [25]9月26日，空中客車交付了由位于天津的空中客車A320系列飛機(jī)亞洲總裝線總裝完成的第600架飛機(jī)。 [26]2023年4月6日，歐洲飛機(jī)制造商空中客車宣布，與中國(guó)航空業(yè)合作伙伴簽署新的合作協(xié)議。其中，與中國(guó)航空器材集團(tuán)有限公司（CAS）簽署了160架空中客車民用飛機(jī)的批量采購協(xié)議，包括150架A320系列飛機(jī)。 [30]空客A320在華情況公司名稱機(jī)型數(shù)量公司名稱機(jī)型數(shù)量中國(guó)國(guó)際航空A31930架北京航空A318CJ1架A32033架亞聯(lián)公務(wù)機(jī)A318CJ1架A32142架西藏航空A3193架金鹿公務(wù)航空A319CJ2架中國(guó)東方航空A31915架深圳航空A3195架A320113架A32048架A32122架中國(guó)南方航空A31944架首都航空A31918架A32084架A32011架A32157架祥鵬航空A3197架祥鵬航空A3197架四川航空A31915架西部航空A3194架A32030架A3205架A32116架天津航空A3202架春秋航空A32030架成都航空A3194架吉祥航空A3192架A3206架A32028架資料來源 [5]
訂購情況
播報(bào)編輯2023年12月19日，漢莎航空集團(tuán)宣布將購買80架飛機(jī)并就另外120架飛機(jī)的采購方案達(dá)成了協(xié)議，其中包括40架A320系列飛機(jī)的購買選擇權(quán)。 [35]2025年6月18日，重慶航空新引進(jìn)一架空客A320飛機(jī)投入運(yùn)營(yíng)。為迎接暑運(yùn)旺季的到來，重慶航空進(jìn)一步加大運(yùn)力投入，將在本月內(nèi)再引進(jìn)兩架空客A320飛機(jī)。 [50]
主要型號(hào)
播報(bào)編輯空中客車A320系列的飛機(jī)采用通用設(shè)計(jì)，有較小型的（A319），更小型的（A318），或者較大型的（A321），從技術(shù)上說，“A320”單指最初的中型客機(jī)，但是經(jīng)常也指代整個(gè)A320系列：包括A318/A319/A320/A321?？罩锌蛙嘇320A-320是該系列的基本型號(hào)。1979年7月宣布A320客機(jī)方案，1982年3月正式啟動(dòng)研制計(jì)劃，可選裝CFM56-5或V2500兩種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，1987年2月22日首飛，1988年2月獲適航證并交付使用1988年3月開始交付首位用戶法國(guó)航空公司。A320飛機(jī)機(jī)長(zhǎng)37.57米，在典型的兩級(jí)客艙布局下能載客150人（如進(jìn)行低成本運(yùn)營(yíng)載客量可增至180人），航程5700公里/3000海里。A320系列有兩個(gè)型號(hào)：A320-100和A320-200?？罩锌蛙嘇320A320-100基本型，共生產(chǎn)21架。1988年3月首次交付于法國(guó)航空公司。由于A320-100產(chǎn)量很小，從第22架開始生產(chǎn)帶有翼尖小翼的A320-200，兩者的載客量、機(jī)艙內(nèi)部等相同。A320-200是主要型號(hào)，為生產(chǎn)線上第22架之后的產(chǎn)品。A320-200與100型的區(qū)別是增加了翼尖小翼和為增加巡航距離而增大的油箱，增加了有效載重和航程。第一架于1988年7月交付安塞特航空公司使用。一些舊的A320-100也被改造為不帶翼尖小翼的A320-200特殊型號(hào) ?？罩锌蛙嘇321A320的加長(zhǎng)型，是A320系列飛機(jī)的最大型號(hào)，與A320相比，機(jī)身加長(zhǎng)6.93米，增加24%的座位和40%的空間，在機(jī)翼前后各增加兩個(gè)應(yīng)急出口，對(duì)機(jī)翼進(jìn)行局部加長(zhǎng)和改進(jìn)，起落架被加固。于1989年5月啟動(dòng)該項(xiàng)目，1993年3月11日首航，同年12月17日獲歐洲適航證，1994年1月交付使用。航程可達(dá)5600公里/3000海里。在典型的兩級(jí)客艙布局下能載客185人（在包機(jī)或低成本運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)載客量可增至220人）。是第一種在德國(guó)漢堡空客客車工廠進(jìn)行最后組裝的空客飛機(jī)。主要型號(hào)有：A321－100型：基本型；A321－200型：加大航程型，1995年4月啟動(dòng)該項(xiàng)目。A321空中客車A319A320縮短型，與A320相比，機(jī)身短3.73米，機(jī)翼上應(yīng)急出口減少一個(gè)，機(jī)身后部散貨艙取消。1993年6月啟動(dòng)，1995年8月25日首飛，1996年4月獲型號(hào)合格證，5月交付使用。由于使用與A320-200相同的燃料容積以及較少的載客量，兩級(jí)客艙布局載客量124人、航程6800公里/3700海里的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型是A320系列里航程最長(zhǎng)的機(jī)型?？罩锌蛙嚬具€應(yīng)航空公司的訂購要求，提供了其它選擇，為了增加座位效益，典型單一座位布局增至156座。A319在德國(guó)漢堡空客工廠進(jìn)行最后組裝。A319A319CJ公務(wù)機(jī)型，型號(hào)又稱為ACJ（airbus corporate jet），客艙內(nèi)部空間按公務(wù)機(jī)進(jìn)行裝飾，其它與A319基本型差別很小，在貨艙格間附加油箱，航程可達(dá)到12000公里?？罩锌蛙嘇318A318是A319縮短型。是A320家族里面最小的成員。項(xiàng)目起源于AE31X計(jì)劃，在1993年1997年5月15日中國(guó)航空工業(yè)總公司（AVIC）和空中客車亞洲公司（AIA）簽署AE31X支線客機(jī)項(xiàng)目合作協(xié)儀，新加坡、韓國(guó)方面也參與到該計(jì)劃，由于在技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓以及工作分工上出現(xiàn)重大分歧，1998年9月空客宣布終止AE31X項(xiàng)目。1999年空客決定獨(dú)立開發(fā)A318項(xiàng)目，A318最初選用的普惠（Pratt & Whitney）PW6000渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)問題，導(dǎo)致研制計(jì)劃不斷推遲。A318也可選裝CFM56-5發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。A318在德國(guó)漢堡空客客車工廠進(jìn)行最后組裝。 A318在2002年1月首飛。2003年7月投入運(yùn)營(yíng)。A318機(jī)長(zhǎng)31.44米，比A320標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型短了6米輕了14噸。典型兩級(jí)客艙布局下載客量為107人，采用單級(jí)客艙布局時(shí)載客量可增至132人。A318飛機(jī)航程3250海里（6000公里），該機(jī)型起降性能與同級(jí)別飛機(jī)相比所需的跑道較短，從而為運(yùn)營(yíng)商提供了前往各種機(jī)場(chǎng)的更大的靈活性。主要用于定期航線，也用于中型城市之間的短程，低密度航線。A318空中客車A320neoA320neo飛機(jī)是現(xiàn)款A(yù)320系列飛機(jī)的改進(jìn)機(jī)型，將換裝更高效的新型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并裝配空客最新設(shè)計(jì)的鯊鰭小翼。借助于新發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、鯊鰭小翼等有效的改進(jìn)措施，A320neo飛機(jī)的油耗可降低15%， [6]比未來競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)型低7%。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從2001年到2011年的10年間，航空燃油的價(jià)格平均增長(zhǎng)了4倍，燃油成本已占到航空公司運(yùn)營(yíng)總成本的50%以上。另外，相比現(xiàn)款A(yù)320飛機(jī)，A320neo飛機(jī)的航程可增加500海里（950公里），或者在航程不變的情況下增加2噸的額外載重。環(huán)保方面，A320neo每年每架飛機(jī)可減少3600噸的二氧化碳排放，氮氧化合物排放可降低十幾個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲也會(huì)大幅下降。同時(shí)，A320neo飛機(jī)與現(xiàn)款A(yù)320系列飛機(jī)具有95%的通用性，可以無縫隙加入航空公司現(xiàn)有的A320飛機(jī)機(jī)隊(duì)——這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于空中客車的客戶和用戶來說至關(guān)重要，截至2012年10月，空中客車公司向全球客戶總共交付A320系列飛機(jī)的數(shù)量超過了5200架。2011年，A320neo飛機(jī)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)階段，鯊鰭小翼已經(jīng)完成相關(guān)測(cè)試即將進(jìn)入適航審定階段，A320neo的首臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)——普惠公司靜潔動(dòng)力PW1100G-JM發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)業(yè)已開始測(cè)試，預(yù)計(jì)于2015年正式交付客戶 [7]部分資料來源 [8-9]
性能數(shù)據(jù)
播報(bào)編輯機(jī) 型A318-100A319-100A320-100A321-100機(jī) 師數(shù)2座位數(shù)117（1級(jí)）107（2級(jí)）142（1級(jí)）124（2級(jí)）180（1級(jí)）150（2級(jí)）220（1級(jí)）185（2級(jí)）長(zhǎng)度31.45米（103呎2吋）33.84米（111呎）37.57米（123呎）44.51米（146呎）翼展34.10米后掠角25°高度12.56米（41呎2吋）11.76米（38呎7吋）客艙寬度3.70米（12呎1吋）機(jī)身寬度3.95米（13呎）空重39300kg40600kg42400kg48200kg最大起飛重量68000kg（149600磅）75500kg（166500磅）78000kg（172000磅）93500kg（206100磅）巡航速率0.78馬赫最大速率0.82馬赫MTOW所需跑道長(zhǎng)度1355米（4446呎）1950米（6398呎）2090米（6857呎）2180米（7152呎）滿載重量最大航程5750公里（3100海里）6950公里（3750海里）6200公里（3350海里）5960公里（3200海里）最大燃油容量24210升（6400加侖）30190升（7980加侖）29680升（7190加侖）30030升（7935加侖）實(shí)用升限12000米（39000呎）渦扇引擎318普惠PW6122ACFM International CFM56-5319、320、321國(guó)際航空V2500CFM International CFM56-5B備注部分相同數(shù)據(jù)不再換算部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)來源 [10-12]
重大事故
播報(bào)編輯四川航空的A320-2001988年6月26日，法國(guó)航空296號(hào)班機(jī)在表演時(shí)墜入森林里，機(jī)上有3人遇難；1990年2月14日，印度航空公司一架A320客機(jī)在班加羅爾降落時(shí)，在距離跑道400米處墜毀，機(jī)上146人中有92人遇難；1992年1月20日，因特航空148號(hào)班機(jī)在飛行途中撞山墜毀，機(jī)上87人遇難，9人生還；1993年9月14日，德國(guó)漢莎航空公司的一架A320客機(jī)在波蘭華沙機(jī)場(chǎng)因順風(fēng)降落滑出跑道，1名機(jī)組人員和64名乘客中的一人不幸遇難；1996年2月14日，一架印度航空公司客機(jī)著陸時(shí)墜毀，機(jī)上82名乘客和4名機(jī)組人員喪生；1997年，一架海灣航空公司的A320型空中客車在阿聯(lián)酋首都阿布扎比起飛時(shí)被強(qiáng)風(fēng)吹離跑道，機(jī)上86名乘客受傷；空中客車A3201998年，國(guó)際航空公司一架A320在斯特拉斯堡附近山區(qū)墜毀，82名乘客和5名機(jī)組人員喪生；2000年8月23日，巴林海灣航空公司一架A320客機(jī)在從開羅飛往巴林首都麥納麥墜入巴林機(jī)場(chǎng)附近的海灣，機(jī)上135名乘客和8名機(jī)組人員全部遇難；2006年5月3日，亞美尼亞一架空客A320在俄羅斯南部城市索契附近海域墜毀，113名乘客和機(jī)組成員全部遇難；2007年7月18日，巴西塔姆航空公司的3054航班為一架載有187人的A320客機(jī)。該機(jī)在圣保羅孔戈尼亞斯機(jī)場(chǎng)降落時(shí)沖出跑道，先后撞上附近的油站和倉庫并引發(fā)大火，造成包括11名地面人員在內(nèi)的共198人遇難；2009年1月15日，全美航空公司1549號(hào)航班（A320）從紐約拉瓜迪亞機(jī)場(chǎng)起飛后，因同大雁相撞致使雙引擎全部失靈。飛行員操縱飛機(jī)避開紐約人口密集區(qū)，緊急降落在哈得孫河面上，使得機(jī)上155人全部獲救。水上迫降后的A3202010年7月28日，一架巴基斯坦藍(lán)色航空的空中客車A321型客機(jī)，航班編號(hào)ED202，從土耳其起飛經(jīng)停巴國(guó)南部城市卡拉奇，然后再飛往首都伊斯蘭堡。在距離伊斯蘭堡馬巴德國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)僅一公里航程時(shí)飛機(jī)失事撞山爆炸，起火燃燒，機(jī)上146名乘客及6名機(jī)組人員全部遇難。經(jīng)初步調(diào)查后認(rèn)為是大雨和濃霧導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)墜毀，亦有人認(rèn)為是飛機(jī)偏離航線而墜毀。英航BA762航班2013年5月24日，英國(guó)航空BA762班機(jī)(A319)在倫敦起飛后兩個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的引擎蓋均破損掉落，右發(fā)起火。兩年過去，英國(guó)航空事故調(diào)查局(AAIB)在2015年7月14日公布事故調(diào)查結(jié)果，兩名疲倦的機(jī)務(wù)在夜間維護(hù)時(shí)認(rèn)錯(cuò)了飛機(jī)，導(dǎo)致這架飛機(jī)在兩個(gè)引擎蓋未鎖好的情況下就起飛了。 [13]2014年12月28日7時(shí)17分，亞航一架QZ8501航班從印度尼西亞泗水飛往新加坡的航班與雅加達(dá)塔臺(tái)失去聯(lián)系。據(jù)航班追蹤網(wǎng)站信息查詢，該機(jī)型為A320。印尼交通部官員稱，失聯(lián)的亞航客機(jī)上載有155名旅客和7名機(jī)組人員，其中包括138名成人旅客，16名兒童，1名嬰兒。 [14]2015年3月24日，一架4U9525航班從西班牙巴塞羅那飛往德國(guó)杜塞爾多夫的A320客機(jī)在法國(guó)南部上普羅旺斯阿爾卑斯省巴塞洛奈特地區(qū)墜毀。這架航空屬于德國(guó)漢莎航空全資控股子公司德國(guó)之翼。機(jī)上載有144名乘客、6名機(jī)組成員全部遇難。 [15-16]2018年5月14日，四川航空公司空客A319（屬于空客A320系列中的A319系列 [17]），注冊(cè)號(hào)B-6419號(hào)飛機(jī)執(zhí)行重慶至拉薩的3U8633航班任務(wù)，該機(jī)于6時(shí)27分起飛后，正常爬升至9800米巡航高度。在飛經(jīng)成都空管區(qū)域時(shí)，該機(jī)駕駛艙右座前風(fēng)擋玻璃突然破裂并脫落，造成飛機(jī)客艙失壓，旅客氧氣面罩掉落。事件造成駕駛艙部分設(shè)備受損，副駕駛和一名乘務(wù)員受輕傷。 [17-18]A320飛機(jī)自1988年4月投入運(yùn)營(yíng)以來，迅速在中短程航線上設(shè)立了舒適性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但到2012年4月為止，A320系列共發(fā)生了59宗事故，共造成789人死亡；劫機(jī)事件6宗，造成1人死亡。截止2012年2月底，共有13家中國(guó)大陸航空公司以及3家公務(wù)機(jī)公司運(yùn)營(yíng)675架A320系列飛機(jī) [19]。2020年5月23日，巴基斯坦警方說，在該國(guó)南部港口城市卡拉奇22日發(fā)生客機(jī)墜毀事故后，救援人員已搜尋到80具遇難者遺體，機(jī)上2人幸存。失事飛機(jī)為空客A320型客機(jī)，屬于巴基斯坦國(guó)際航空公司。 [20]2022年5月12日，西藏航空公司一架空客A319-115型客機(jī)（注冊(cè)號(hào)B-6425），執(zhí)行重慶至林芝的國(guó)內(nèi)定期客運(yùn)航班，在重慶江北機(jī)場(chǎng)起飛時(shí)偏出跑道。機(jī)上113名乘客和9名機(jī)組成員成功安全撤離，飛機(jī)和機(jī)場(chǎng)地面設(shè)施遭受不同程度的損壞 [34]。2022年6月，一架A320發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出現(xiàn)故障在印度緊急降落。 [21]2022年7月25日（周一），Avianca公司的一架空客A320在埃爾多拉多機(jī)場(chǎng)緊急降落，完成了其從麥德林起飛的航線……在抵達(dá)首都前不久，9351航班飛機(jī)上的一臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)生故障。 [22]2022年8月25日，一架墨西哥廉航Viva Aerobus的空客A320客機(jī)從墨西哥第二大城市瓜達(dá)拉哈拉起飛前往美國(guó)洛杉磯時(shí)，右引擎突然起火，機(jī)艙內(nèi)乘客驚慌尖叫，幸好飛行員及時(shí)折返，緊急降落，機(jī)上乘客幸免于難。 [23]2022年8月29日，哈薩克斯坦“阿斯塔納航空”公司通報(bào)稱，該公司一架空客A320飛機(jī)在兩個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)撞鳥的情況下,在努爾蘇丹機(jī)場(chǎng)正常降落。該架空客A320飛機(jī)于8月28日夜間執(zhí)飛阿拉木圖-努爾蘇丹KC955航班，機(jī)組報(bào)警稱在進(jìn)入降落航線時(shí)兩個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)撞鳥，隨后正常降落，飛行后檢查證實(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)遭到鳥類撞擊。 [24]2022年10月26日17時(shí)25分，LATAM一架空客A320離開智利圣地亞哥，前往巴拉圭首都亞松森。在客機(jī)接近目的地時(shí)，受惡劣天氣的影響，致飛機(jī)發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈顛簸，機(jī)組人員決定緊急降落，未造成人員傷亡。 [27]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2022年11月18日，南美航空（LATAM Airlines）發(fā)生一起重大意外事故。南美航空的空客A320neo（注冊(cè)號(hào)CC-BHB）LA2213航班在秘魯豪爾赫·查維茲國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的跑道上撞上消防車，造成機(jī)上36人受傷，其中4人重傷，2名機(jī)場(chǎng)消防隊(duì)員罹難。該機(jī)場(chǎng)的運(yùn)營(yíng)方利馬機(jī)場(chǎng)伙伴公司暫停了所有業(yè)務(wù)，正在調(diào)查事故的原因。 [28]2023年3月22日，美聯(lián)航UA1091航班從墨西哥城飛往休斯敦，降落時(shí)機(jī)尾與跑道發(fā)生擦碰。然而，這架飛機(jī)一直運(yùn)行到3月25日才停止服務(wù)。所涉飛機(jī)注冊(cè)號(hào)為N1902U是一架服役17年的空客A320。 [32]2023年9月12日，俄羅斯烏拉爾航空公司一架技術(shù)故障的空客A320客機(jī)，從索契飛往鄂木斯克途中，在新西伯利亞州境內(nèi)的田野上迫降 [33]。當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2024年3月，一架從舊金山飛往墨西哥城的美聯(lián)航空客A320飛機(jī)因液壓?jiǎn)栴}緊急降落在洛杉磯，無人受傷。當(dāng)天上午，美聯(lián)航一架波音737 Max 8飛機(jī)在休斯頓喬治布什洲際機(jī)場(chǎng)降落后沖出跑道。同月，美聯(lián)航一架波音777-200飛機(jī)從舊金山機(jī)場(chǎng)起飛后不久出現(xiàn)一個(gè)輪胎脫落。同月，美聯(lián)航一架從休斯頓飛往邁爾斯堡的波音737-900飛機(jī)在起飛后不久發(fā)生左側(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障。上述事故均無人員受傷的報(bào)告。 [37]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2024年4月12日，據(jù)塔斯社援引俄羅斯航空監(jiān)管部門消息報(bào)道，一架從索契飛往莫斯科的空客A-320機(jī)型航班，由于駕駛艙內(nèi)有燒焦味道而在莫斯科謝列梅捷沃機(jī)場(chǎng)緊急迫降。飛機(jī)于莫斯科時(shí)間9時(shí)19分成功降落。據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計(jì)，沒有人員傷亡，事故原因還在調(diào)查中。 [39]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2024年5月27日，美國(guó)聯(lián)合航空公司一架空客A320型客機(jī)在芝加哥奧黑爾國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)滑行起飛過程中，左側(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起火冒煙。這架原定飛往西雅圖－塔科馬國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的航班中斷起飛，被拖回登機(jī)口，機(jī)上148名乘客和5名機(jī)組人員撤離，據(jù)稱無人受傷。 [40]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2024年6月20日，美聯(lián)航一架空中客車A320飛機(jī)在飛行途中引擎蓋內(nèi)部覆蓋物的一部分部件脫落，緊急返回康涅狄格州機(jī)場(chǎng)。 [41]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2024年11月27日晚，哥倫比亞航空公司一架空客320客機(jī)在起飛時(shí)出現(xiàn)故障，被迫暫停在跑道上，機(jī)上168名乘客緊急撤離。哥倫比亞民用航空管理局表示，事故技術(shù)調(diào)查部門對(duì)事故原因展開調(diào)查。 [45]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2024年12月1日，新西蘭航空公司一架從惠靈頓飛往悉尼的航班因發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障改道奧克蘭，涉事飛機(jī)型號(hào)為空中客車A320。 [47]2025年3月20日，香港航空確認(rèn)航班HX115因客機(jī)艙內(nèi)行李架起火改道福州，現(xiàn)已安全降落。香港航空今日由杭州飛往香港的HX115航班，因行李架起火而改道并安全降落于福州長(zhǎng)樂國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)，火勢(shì)已被成功撲滅。該飛機(jī)為空中客車A320，機(jī)上共載有160名乘客和8名機(jī)組人員。公司現(xiàn)正安排另一航機(jī)接載乘客回港，預(yù)計(jì)將會(huì)于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間晚上8時(shí)55分到達(dá)福州機(jī)場(chǎng)。 [49]新手上路成長(zhǎng)任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備11000002000001號(hào)window.PAGE_DATA= 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320320用于焊接成分相似的合金，通常焊件用于腐蝕性較強(qiáng)的氣氛或者介質(zhì)中，如含硫酸、亞硫酸及其鹽類的介質(zhì)中。 PRODUCT PARAMETERS 產(chǎn)品參數(shù) 化學(xué)成分%CSiMnPSCrNiMoNbCuMin19322.08*C3.0Max0.070.62.50.030.0321363.01.04.0 上一頁：ER320

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