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Q460D合金圓鋼-合金結構鋼
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1591化學成分C≤0.20%、Mn≤1.70%交貨狀態(tài)熱軋/正火適用厚度≤50mm [1]應用領域起重機、液壓機、礦山機械、工程機械（鏟車/挖掘機）、農業(yè)機械等制造領域加工方式數控切割目錄1材質特性2化學成分設計3生產工藝4力學性能5應用領域6加工規(guī)范7質量檢測材質特性播報編輯屬于高強度低合金結構鋼，名稱中"Q"代表屈服強度，"460"表示最小屈服強度值（MPa），"D"對應質量等級。通過微合金化與控軋工藝結合，在保證460MPa屈服強度的同時，抗拉強度可達550-700MPa，斷后伸長率最高達26% [1]。常溫下0℃沖擊功達標，厚度方向斷面收縮率根據Z15/Z25/Z35分級控制，滿足不同抗震需求。碳當量設計≤0.42%，顯著提升焊接性能，避免冷裂紋產生 [1]。化學成分設計播報編輯核心成分控制范圍包括：碳元素：0.14-0.17%（專利設計）/≤0.20%（通用標準） [1]錳元素：1.45-1.55%（專利強化方案） [1]微量元素：復合添加釩、鈮、鈦，總量≤0.20% [1]雜質元素嚴格限制：磷≤0.030%（通用標準）/≤0.018%（專利工藝） [1]硫≤0.025%（通用標準）/≤0.005%（專利工藝） [1]生產工藝播報編輯采用九道關鍵工序制備：1.KR鐵水脫硫預處理，硫含量降至≤0.018% [1]2.轉爐雙渣法冶煉，終點碳氧積≤0.0025 [1]3.LF精煉白渣保持≥10分鐘，精確成分微調 [1]4.連鑄全程氬氣保護澆注，過熱度控制15-25℃ [1]5.三階段軋制加熱，最高溫度1240℃ [1]6.TMCP控軋，開軋溫度1050-1150℃ [1]7.層流冷卻，冷速10-15℃/s [1]8.下線堆垛緩冷≥24小時 [1]9.超聲波探傷檢測（一/二/三級標準）力學性能播報編輯經檢測數據顯示：屈服強度：470-490MPa（專利工藝）/≥460MPa（通用標準） [1]抗拉強度：570-700MPa [1]延伸率：17-26% [1]低溫沖擊：-20℃沖擊功≥34J硬度值：HBW 170-210應用領域播報編輯主要應用于三類工程場景：重型機械制造工程機械：起重機、挖掘機、礦山機械礦山設備：起重機、液壓機、礦山機械、工程機械（鏟車/挖掘機）農業(yè)機械：工程機械（鏟車/挖掘機）建筑橋梁工程大跨度橋梁：主梁、拱肋、橋面板高層建筑：建筑框架/支撐體系場館結構：橋梁主梁/橫梁/拱肋、建筑框架/支撐體系特種運輸裝備船舶結構：橋梁主梁/橫梁/拱肋、建筑框架/支撐體系、船舶及車輛結構件鐵路車輛：工程機械（鏟車/挖掘機）、農業(yè)機械等制造領域特種車輛：工程機械（鏟車/挖掘機）、農業(yè)機械加工規(guī)范播報編輯允許采用以下加工方式：切割工藝：等離子切割（厚度≤30mm）、火焰切割（厚度＞30mm）焊接方法：手工電弧焊（J557焊條）、埋弧焊（H10Mn2焊絲+ SJ101焊劑）成型加工：冷彎成型半徑≥2倍板厚，熱彎溫度850-900℃ [1]熱處理：正火處理溫度890±10℃，回火溫度≤600℃質量檢測播報編輯依據不同應用場景執(zhí)行：常規(guī)檢測：拉伸/彎曲/沖擊試驗專項檢測：Z向拉伸試驗（斷面收縮率≥15%/25%/35%）無損檢測：超聲波探傷（GB/T2970 II級）金相檢驗：帶狀組織≤2級，晶粒度≥8級 [1]的圖片(1張)新手上路成長任務編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內容質疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權信息封禁查詢與解封?2025?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網安備11000002000001號window.PAGE_DATA= 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低合金高強度結構鋼低合金高強度鋼是在碳素結構鋼的基礎上加入少量的Mn、Si和微量的Nb、V、Ti、Al等合金元素而發(fā)展起來的一類工程結構用鋼。所謂低合金是指鋼中合金元素總量不超過3%。高強度是相對于碳素工程結構用鋼而言。低合金高強度鋼的研制原則是利用盡可能少的合金元素獲得盡可能高的綜合力學性能，以達到滿足使用、成本低廉的目的。低合金高強度鋼能夠滿足工程上各種結構（如大型橋梁、壓力容器及船舶等）要求承載大，同時又要求減輕結構自重，提高可靠性及節(jié)約材料和資源的要求。這類鋼主要用來制造各種要求強度較高的工程結構，例如橋梁、船舶、車輛、高壓容器、輸油輸氣管道、大型鋼結構等。由于這類鋼不用復雜的處理過程，甚至不進行熱處理就可以獲得較高的強度，使工程結構的質量大大減輕，因此，用這類鋼來代替一般的碳素結構鋼。成分特點低合金高強度鋼的成分特點為低碳叫 ≤0.20%、低合金，合金元素總量 <3%。低碳含量是為了滿足工程結構件用鋼的塑性、韌性、焊接性和冷變形等工藝性能要求；加入以Mn為主的少量合金元素，達到了提高力學性能的目的。低合金高強度鋼以Mn為主加元素，符合我國的資源特點。Mn不僅對鐵素體有顯著的強化效果，還可降低鋼的冷脆溫度，并使鋼中珠光體數量增加，進一步提高強度；為進一步改善和提高鋼的性能。還加入微量V、Ti、Nb、AI等細化晶粒元素，不僅進一步提高了強度，還使鋼的韌性得到改善。這類鋼有時還加入稀土元素Re以消除鋼中的有害雜質，改善夾雜物的形態(tài)及分布，減弱其冷脆性。少量合金元素對改善和提高鋼的力學性能效果顯著，如在Q235中僅加入1%Mn，就成為Q345鋼，而其強度卻增加近40%，達345 MPa；在16Mn的基礎上再加0.04～0.12%的釩，就成為Q390鋼，強度由350 MPa增加至390 MPa。性能特點低合金高強度鋼的合金化原理主要是利用合金元素產生的固容強化、細晶強化以及沉淀強化來提高鋼的強度，同時利用細晶強化使鋼的韌脆轉化溫度降低效應，來抵消鋼中碳氮化物析出強化使鋼韌脆轉化溫度升高這種不利的影響，使鋼在獲得高強度的同時又能保持較好的低溫性能。低合金高強度鋼的性能特點主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面。1．高的屈服極限與良好的塑性和韌性低合金高強度鋼最顯著的特征就是高強度。在熱軋或正火狀態(tài)下，低合金高強度鋼一般比相應的碳素工程結構鋼的強度能高出30%～50%。因而能夠承受較大的載荷。工程結構一般以大型或巨型為多，構件自身的重量往往也成為載荷的重要組成部分，結構材料強度提高的同時就可以明顯降低構件自重而使其承受其他載荷的能力進一步提高。不僅如此，這種良好的效應還大大提高了工程構件緊湊性從而使其可靠性進一步提高，同時減少了原材料消耗，降低了成本，節(jié)約了資源。低合金高強度鋼的延伸率為15%～23%，室溫下沖擊吸收功 >34 J，具有良好的塑性和抗沖擊性能，可避免在受沖擊時發(fā)生脆斷；同時使冷彎、焊接等工藝容易進行。此外，低合金高強度鋼的脆性轉化溫度較低，其中E級質量等級的鋼，在-40℃時 值不低于27 J。這對在嚴寒地區(qū)使用的工程構件以及運輸工具如車輛、艦船、海上采油平臺、容器、橋梁等具有重大意義。2．良好的焊接性能和耐大氣腐蝕性能焊接是建造工程結構的最常用方法，因此工程結構用鋼都要求具有良好的焊接性能。低合金高強度鋼碳含量低，合金元素含量少、塑性好，在焊縫區(qū)不易產生淬火組織及裂紋，且加入的Ti、Nb、V等還能抑制焊縫區(qū)品粒長大，因此這類鋼大都焊接性能優(yōu)良，焊后一般不再進行熱處理。工程結構大多是在大氣或海洋環(huán)境中服役，低合金高強度鋼中加入少量的Cu、Ni、Cr、P等元素，有效提高了工程結構抗大氣、海水、土壤腐蝕的能力。如加入0.2%～0.5%的銅、0.05%～0.1%的磷以及鋁等，可使鋼的耐蝕性明顯提高，其中銅和磷同時加入效果最佳。 [1] 發(fā)展趨勢以控制軋制技術和微合金化冶金學為基礎，開發(fā)了許多低合金高強度鋼。低合金高強度鋼的主要發(fā)展方向有以下幾個方面。(1)低碳、超低碳和高純凈化?，F(xiàn)代的工藝技術已非常先進。例如，采用頂底復吹轉爐冶煉，鋼的碳含量可控制在0.02%～0.03%，精煉的應用可生產出碳 =0.002%～0.003%、 <0.001%、 <0.003%、 <0.003%、 =2ppm~3ppm和 <1ppm的潔凈鋼。(2)微合金化鋼技術。含Nb微合金化鋼、Nb-V和Nb-Ti復合微合金鋼幾乎占有近20年來新開發(fā)微合金化鋼全部牌號的75%和微合金化鋼總產量的60%。微量Ti（≤0.015%）的作用十分有益，Ti的微處理不僅改變鋼中硫化物的形態(tài)，而且TiO2或Ti2O3，還成為奧氏體晶內鐵素體晶粒生核的質點。(3)采用控制軋制和控制冷卻工藝。在再結晶控軋的基礎上，應變誘導相變和析出的非再結晶控軋以及兩相區(qū)形變，已成為控軋厚鋼板生產主要方向。薄板坯連鑄連軋流程和薄帶連鑄工藝的實用化，使低合金鋼生產進入了又一個新境界。(4)超細晶?；陀嬎銠C控制以及性能預報。通過加大軋制變形、鐵素體的應變誘導析出、低溫軋制和選擇合適的冷卻速度，可得到微米級的鐵素體晶粒尺寸，從而大大提高鋼的強度。低合金高強度鋼的組織細微化是今后發(fā)展的方向。
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